Haemosporidians mediate nestlings' life-history along an urban-to-rural gradient
Astrid E Neumann,
Marcela Suarez-Rubio,
Swen C Renner
Abstract:Urban areas, i.e. dense housing and reduced green spaces, can significantly impact avian health, through altering land use and increasing biotic and abiotic stress. This study assessed the influence of urbanization on Haemosporidian infections, vectors, immune response, and body condition in Parus major nestlings, across four classes of urbanization along an urban-to-rural gradient in Vienna, Austria. Contrary to our expectations, vector abundance remained largely consistent across the gradient, while urban en… Show more
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