Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon californicus Coinfection in a Merlin (Falco colombarius)

Nardoni, Simona; Parisi, Francesca; Rocchigiani, Guido; Ceccherelli, Renato; Mancianti, Francesca; Poli, Alessandro

doi:10.3390/pathogens9040263

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Morphologically similar parasites were found before in migrating falconiform birds in Southern Kazakhstan, indicating that transmission of L. californicus might also take place in Eurasia [20,31]. The lineage was later found in Falco columbarius from Italy, confirming its presence in Europe [32]. Lineage lFASPA02 is part of a clade (Fig.…”

Section: Leucocytozoon Californicus Species Groupsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…In accipitriform raptors, lCIAE02 was detected in Accipiter nisus from China (3) [11], Aquila heliaca from Thailand (1) [33], Buteo buteo from Turkey (1) [15] and China (1) [11], Buteo rufinus from Turkey (1) [15], Circus aeruginosus from Austria (5) and Germany (1) [14], Circus cyaneus from China (1) [11], and Milvus migrans from Spain (16) [8]. Lineage lBNOW04 was exclusively reported from Strigiformes (9) in the USA [34,35] and lFASPA02 from Falconiformes in the USA (13) [31] and Italy (1) [32]. Lineage lAEMO02 was found in Columbidae in Japan (2) [36], Taiwan (1) (Huang et al, unpublished; KT779209), Spain (1) [37], Portugal (2) [38,39], and the UK (1) [40].…”

Section: Leucocytozoon Californicus Species Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second Leucocytozoon clade containing multiple lineages from accipitriform raptors features L. californicus lFASPA02, which was recently described from Falco sparverius in California (USA) [31] and later found also in Falco columbarius in Italy [32]. However, the most common lineage in this clade is lCIAE02, which was detected in birds of ten different orders in Europe, Asia, and Africa.…”

Section: Leucocytozoon Parasites Of Accipitriform Raptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian haemosporidian parasites of accipitriform raptors

Harl

Himmel

Valkiūnas

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background The order Accipitriformes comprises the largest group of birds of prey with 260 species in four families. So far, 21 haemosporidian parasite species have been described from or reported to occur in accipitriform birds. Only five of these parasite species have been characterized molecular genetically. The first part of this study involved molecular genetic screening of accipitriform raptors from Austria and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the first chromogenic in situ hybridization approach targeting parasites in this host group. The aim of the second part of this study was to summarize the CytB sequence data of haemosporidian parasites from accipitriform raptors and to visualize the geographic and host distribution of the lineages. Methods Blood and tissue samples of 183 accipitriform raptors from Austria and Bosnia-Herzegovina were screened for Plasmodium, Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasites by nested PCR, and tissue samples of 23 PCR-positive birds were subjected to chromogenic in situ hybridization using genus-specific probes targeting the parasites’ 18S rRNAs. All published CytB sequence data from accipitriform raptors were analysed, phylogenetic trees were calculated, and DNA haplotype network analyses were performed with sequences from clades featuring multiple lineages detected in this host group. Results Of the 183 raptors from Austria and Bosnia-Herzegovina screened by PCR and sequencing, 80 individuals (44%) were infected with haemosporidian parasites. Among the 39 CytB lineages detected, 18 were found for the first time in the present study. The chromogenic in situ hybridization revealed exo-erythrocytic tissue stages of Leucocytozoon parasites belonging to the Leucocytozoon toddi species group in the kidneys of 14 infected birds. The total number of CytB lineages recorded in accipitriform birds worldwide was 57 for Leucocytozoon, 25 for Plasmodium, and 21 for Haemoproteus. Conclusion The analysis of the DNA haplotype networks allowed identifying numerous distinct groups of lineages, which have not yet been linked to morphospecies, and many of them likely belong to yet undescribed parasite species. Tissue stages of Leucocytozoon parasites developing in accipitriform raptors were discovered and described. The majority of Leucocytozoon and Haemoproteus lineages are specific to this host group, but most Plasmodium lineages were found in birds of other orders. This might indicate local transmission from birds kept at the same facilities (raptor rescue centres and zoos), likely resulting in abortive infections. To clarify the taxonomic and systematic problems, combined morphological and molecular genetic analyses on a wider range of accipitriform host species are needed.

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Section: Leucocytozoon Californicus Species Groupsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Leucocytozoon Californicus Species Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leucocytozoon Parasites Of Accipitriform Raptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Avian haemosporidian parasites of accipitriform raptors

Harl

Himmel

Valkiūnas

et al. 2022

Malar J

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“…L. californicus was rst described in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in North America (Walther et al 2016)d podagrii -in the Tawny Frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) in Australia (Adlard et al 2002). The only lineage linked so far to L. californicus FASPA02 has been recently detected in the falconiform raptor in Italy, con rming that this parasite occurs in Europe (Nardoni et al 2020). To verify whether CIAE02 is a genetic variant of L. californicus, the microscopic analysis of gametocytes is necessary (Valkiūnas 2005), because even lineages with a very small genetic distance, corresponding to a difference of 1 nucleotide over an approximately 480 bp long fragment of the cytochrome b gene, may represent different morphospecies (Levin et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sporadic occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in two species of marsh terns

Dubiec

Atamas

Ledwoń

2023

Preprint

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Vector-transmitted haemosporidians are among the most common parasites in birds, but our knowledge of the inter-specific patterns of infection rates and the parasite community composition is far from complete because of the unequal distribution of the screening effort across bird families and genera. To assess infection rates and the diversity of haemosporidians from the genera Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon in marsh terns, which represent poorly explored in this regard genus of the family gulls, terns, and skimmers (Laridae), we screened two species: the Whiskered Tern (Chlidonias hybrida) and the Black Tern (Chlidonias niger). We sampled these long-distance migratory birds on breeding grounds: the Whiskered Tern in south-central Poland and north-central Ukraine, and the Black Tern – in north-central Ukraine. We found that birds from both species were infected only sporadically, with prevalence at the population level not exceeding 3.4%. Only parasites from the genera Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon were detected. There was neither an inter-specific difference nor a difference between populations of the Whiskered Tern in infection rates. In total, we registered three lineages – one Plasmodium and two Leucocytozoon – that were previously recorded in other bird species, and two unidentified Plasmodium infections. One of the lineages (Leucocytozoon LARCAC02) represents a specialist parasite with the host range restricted to larids and geographic range restricted to Poland, and two others (Plasmodium SGS1 and Leucocytozoon CIAE02) represent generalist parasites with very broad host and geographic ranges. This study reinforces the existing evidence that terns host parasites from genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon only sporadically.

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“…Os estudos sobre hemosporídeos em aves de rapina de cativeiro são ainda mais raros. As sequências de hemosporídeos depositadas no MalAvi, por meio dos estudos com aves cativas, correspondem a 2.86% do total, e dessas apenas 0.46% são de aves de rapina, pertencentes a apenas dez estudos (EJIRI et al, 2011;PACHECO et al, 2011;TANIGAWA et al, 2013;BUKAUSKAITE et al, 2015;CHAGAS et al, 2017;INUMARU et al, 2017;TOSTES et al, 2017;PORNPANOM et al, 2019;VALKIŪNAS et al, 2019;NARDONI et al, 2020). Assim, mesmo sabendo que existem outros estudos com aves de rapina de cativeiro que não inserem as sequências no MalAvi (ex.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Hemosporídeos parasitos (Haemosporida: Apicomplexa) em aves de rapina neotropicais: diversidade, abordagem integrativa e conservação

Barino¹

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As aves de rapina, grupo artificial formado pelas ordens Accipitriformes, Falconiformes, Cathartiformes e Strigiformes, apresentam características morfológicas e comportamentais semelhantes, sendo principalmente predadoras de topo de cadeia alimentar. As aves provenientes de vida livre frequentemente são parasitadas por hemosporídeos, hemoprotozoários da ordem Haemosporida, porém, estudos parasitológicos envolvendo as aves de rapina dos neotrópicos ainda são escassos. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi conhecer quais espécies de aves de rapina chegaram em Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do Brasil, além de investigar a diversidade de hemosporídeos que infectam aves de rapina neotropicais, por meio de uma abordagem integrativa que utiliza análises morfológicas, moleculares, ecológicas, filogenéticas e de delimitação computacional de espécies, com vistas à conservação da avifauna brasileira. Durante os anos de 2004 a 2019, os CETAS do Brasil receberam 67 espécies diferentes de aves de rapina, sendo 33 da ordem Accipitriformes, 17 da Strigiformes, 13 da Falconiformes e quatro da Cathartiformes. No banco de dados genéticos MalAvi foram relatadas 265 linhagens do gene mitocondrial cyt b em 16 dessas espécies de aves de rapina, sendo 218 linhagens ocorrendo exclusivamente nas quatro ordens desse grupo, e 170 linhagens exclusivas de uma única dessas ordens de aves de rapina, indicando uma possível especificidade pela ordem aviária parasitada. Além dos dados obtidos por essa análise, foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 155 aves de rapina de 23 espécies diferentes que foram recebidas no CETAS Juiz de Fora. As amostras foram submetidas a pesquisa de hemoparasitos por meio da avaliação de esfregaços sanguíneos e nested-PCR para identificação de espécies de hemosporídeos. A prevalência média da infecção foi de 58.7% (Strigiformes - 63.75%; Falconiformes - 60.61%; Cathartiformes - 50%; Accipitriformes - 46.15%), sendo registrada pela primeira vez a infecção das espécies Strix virgata e Bubo virginianus por Plasmodium nucleophilum; de Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, Asio clamator e Megascops choliba por Haemoproteus macrovacuolatus; e de Athene cunicularia, Glaucidium brasilianum e Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana por Haemoproteus syrnii. Foram obtidas 20 sequências do gene cyt b, sendo oito delas novos depósitos nos bancos de dados genéticos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas ou correlação entre a prevalência da infeção com as idades das aves, período do ano (chuva ou seca) e fatores metereológicos (temperatura e precipitação). O presente estudo fornece ainda a caracterização morfológica, morfométrica e molecular de H. syrnii em corujas, e demonstra que as sequências encontradas desse parasito se agrupam em dois clados independentes bem suportados, com uma considerável variação intraespecífica e com pequenas diferenças morfológicas e morfométricas dentro da população estudada, sugerindo a existência de potenciais espécies crípticas. A análise histopatológica de corujas que vieram a óbito no CETAS revelou que os pulmões e o músculo esquelético são locais de estágio exoeritrocítico de H. syrnii. Os algoritmos de delimitação computacional de espécies, ferramenta recente utilizada para a ordem Haemosporida, indicaram haver uma diversidade críptica das espécies dessa ordem ocorrendo nas aves de rapina, e que apesar da necessidade de mais estudos com essas novas ferramentas, já demonstram que se deve ter uma preocupação no manejo e reintrodução das aves infectadas. Estudos relacionados ao parasitismo de aves de rapina por hemosporídeos são imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação aviária, principalmente sabendo-se que grande parte das aves recebidas nos CETAS são reintroduzidas na natureza. Uma abordagem integrativa, com diferentes metodologias, pode auxiliar na identificação das espécies de hemosporídeos, na compreensão dos seus possíveis efeitos deletérios nas aves de rapina e na tomada de decisão quanto ao manejo de aves cativas.

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Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon californicus Coinfection in a Merlin (Falco colombarius)

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Avian haemosporidian parasites of accipitriform raptors

Avian haemosporidian parasites of accipitriform raptors

Sporadic occurrence of haemosporidian parasites in two species of marsh terns

Hemosporídeos parasitos (Haemosporida: Apicomplexa) em aves de rapina neotropicais: diversidade, abordagem integrativa e conservação

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