Haemophilus parainfluenzae prosthetic joint infection. The importance of accurate microbiological diagnosis and options for management

Septic Arthritis Caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae: A Pediatric Case Report and Literature Review

“…We summarized previously reported cases of SA and osteomyelitis caused by H. parainfluenzae in children and adults in Table 2. 3–23 A literature search in PubMed was conducted using the following search terms: “ Haemophilus parainfluenzae ” and “arthritis” or “osteomyelitis.” English articles, published before April 1, 2022, were included regardless of patient age. The literature review included 21 cases, ranging in age from 8 months to 95 years.…”

Necessity of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for identifying Haemophilus parainfluenzae-like strains associated with opportunistic urinary tract infections

“…Infection with Haemophilus haemolyticus has been associated with bacteraemia and pneumonia (Anderson et al , 2012), and the organism has been isolated from urogenital specimens (J. E. Clarridge, unpublished data). Although Haemophilus parainfluenzae colonizes the upper respiratory tract and is in general non-pathogenic, except for causing rare endocarditis and joint infections (Bailey et al , 2011; Nwaohiri et al , 2009), it has also been associated with urogenital infections (Clarridge, 1997; Houang et al , 1989; Hsu et al , 2013; Quentin et al , 1993).…”

Periprosthetic joint infection caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Case report and literature review

“…It is a small, pleomorphic, Gram-negative coccobacillus with fastidious growth requirements mostly found as a commensal bacterium in human upper respiratory tract and oral cavity [1]. It can also be isolated from other mucosal surfaces such as the gut, urethra and vagina [2]. It often causes respiratory and musculoskeletal infections in immunocompromised patients but is not commonly found in osteoarticular infections [2][3][4][5].…”

“…It can also be isolated from other mucosal surfaces such as the gut, urethra and vagina [2]. It often causes respiratory and musculoskeletal infections in immunocompromised patients but is not commonly found in osteoarticular infections [2][3][4][5].…”

“…This microorganism is part of the normal microbiota of the mouth and upper respiratory tract, and it can be responsible for a broad spectrum of serious infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia [8]. However, PJI due to H. parainfluenzae is an extremely rare entity, with only 4 case patients reported in the medical literature, 3 of them occurred after procedures in the oral cavity (Table 1) [2][3][4][5].…”