Haemophilus Parainfluenzae Infective Endocarditis

Cj, Chunn; Jones, Jones; Ja, McCutchan; Ej, Young; Dn, Gilbert

doi:10.1097/00005792-197703000-00002

Cited by 72 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…H. parainfluenzae has been documented to cause substantial pathology, including endocarditis, pharyngitis, otitis media, meningitis, brain abscesses, epiglottitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, dental abscesses, empyema, septicemia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, hepatobiliary infections, epidural abscesses, and urinary tract and genital (prostatic, urethral) infections. [3][4][5][6][7] The majority of these infections have only been reported in adults. Pediatric infections have included diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, endocarditis, meningitis, and brain abscesses in infants with long standing respiratory infections.…”

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confidence: 99%

Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis in a Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Chen

Bradley

1999

J Perinatol

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae is an unusual cause of invasive bacterial disease and is particularly uncommon as a reported etiology of neonatal sepsis in current large published series. We describe a seriously ill, very low birth weight (VLBW) infant with documented early onset sepsis caused by H. parainfluenzae. We compare our case with those published previously and contrast the clinical presentation of infection in our patient to that of common bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis. Our review suggests many common factors in the pathogenesis of early onset infection by H. parainfluenzae.Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae have been considered to be rare causes of human disease. H. parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, H. aegyptius, and H. ducreyi are among the species implicated.Haemophilus species are considered to be normal flora in both the upper respiratory tract (oral cavity and pharynx) and the urogenital tract.1,2 Clinical infection due to Haemophilus species may occur as a result of local or blood stream invasion from sites of colonization or may occur due to growth of organisms in an abnormal fluid collection, leading to systemic symptoms. However, the incidence of infections caused by species other than H. influenzae (both typable and nontypable strains) is felt to be low. H. parainfluenzae has been documented to cause substantial pathology, including endocarditis, pharyngitis, otitis media, meningitis, brain abscesses, epiglottitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, dental abscesses, empyema, septicemia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, hepatobiliary infections, epidural abscesses, and urinary tract and genital (prostatic, urethral) infections.3-7 The majority of these infections have only been reported in adults. Pediatric infections have included diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, endocarditis, meningitis, and brain abscesses in infants with long standing respiratory infections. 4,6,8 Documented cases of neonatal sepsis due to H. parainfluenzae are still very rare.9,10 We present a case of overwhelming H. parainfluenzae sepsis in a very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infant, and a review of the medical literature. CASE REPORTA female infant born at 27 weeks gestation to a 33-year-old gravida 6 para 4,1,1 mother was transferred at 10 hours of age to Children's Hospital San Diego with evidence of sepsis, respiratory distress, and pulmonary hypertension. The mother's routine prenatal evaluation was unremarkable. The mother had ruptured membranes for 8 days before the delivery but remained afebrile and did not receive any antibiotics. The infant was delivered via cesarean section secondary to active labor with breech presentation. Apgar scores were 8 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively, with a birth weight of 900 gm. The infant began having unstable vital signs within the first hour of life and was subsequently intubated. An initial analysis of arterial blood gases showed a PCO 2 of 52 mm Hg, a pH of 7.19, a PO 2 of 51 mm Hg, and a base ...

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis in a Very Low Birth Weight Premature Infant: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Chen

Bradley

1999

J Perinatol

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“…Fibronectin as an indicator of the function of the reticuloendothelial system [9,10] proved to be a reliable parameter in the clinical course of our patient, indicating fail ure or efficacy of antibiotic therapy. Most authors describing Haemophilus endocardi tis recommend antibiotic treatment with ampicillin and aminoglycosides [5,11,12], Of 42 reported cases with H. parainfluenzae en docarditis, 28 received ampicillin as part of their therapy; this resulted in 25 cures and only 3 failures [13], Until now a single case of ampicillin-resistant H. parainfluenzae endo carditis has been reported [14], In our patient ampicillin plus aminoglycoside therapy was not effective, and only a partial remission with tetracycline plus aminoglycosides re sulted. Clinical improvement and remission of H. parainfluenzae endocarditis was ob tained only by monotherapy with temocillin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Haemophilus parainfluenzae</i>Endocarditis on Tricuspid Valve

Graninger¹,

Pirich²,

Kronik³

et al. 1984

Cardiology

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“…Infective endocarditis due to H. parainfluenzae was well known before the advent of antibiotics, being incriminated as the most common pathogen in Gram negative endocarditis. Following the introduction of antibiotics the situation changed rapidly; over the last few years more and more cases are being reported again (Chunn et al, 1977). Seven cases of 0032-5473/83/1200-0788 $02.00 © 1983 The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine adult bacteraemic H. parainfluenzae infections giving rise to pneumonia, epiglottitis with meningitis, pharyngitis, arthritis and endocarditis have been described recently (Oill, Chow and Guze, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although deep seated infections in adults due to Haemophilus parainfluenzae are encountered from time to time (Chunn et al, 1977;Oill, Chow and Guze, 1979), biliary tract infection caused by this particular organism is unknown. It seems that the pathogenic potential of H. parainfluenzae has probably been underestimated in the past.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%