Haemolytic glycoglycerolipids from Gymnodinium species

Parrish, Christopher C.; Bodennec, Guy; Gentien, Patrick

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00661-4

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The ichthyotoxicity of K. mikimotoi is due to the production of a fatty acid (all-cis-octadecapentaenoic acid) or its glycoglycerolipids (Parrish et al 1998). This fatty acid is labile, and therefore acts at local scales on algal competitors and other biological targets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Gentien

Lunven

Lazure

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Karenia mikimotoi is one of the most common red-tide dinoflagellates proliferating in the eastern North Atlantic and around Japan. Kills of marine fauna are associated with its blooms. In mixed water columns it migrates vertically, while in stratified water columns, the population remains confined within pycnocline layers. Wind events, increasing mixing and agitation initiate declines in its populations. This paper is focused on the formulation of mortality rate relative to shear rate. Autotoxicity is demonstrated by the use of a synthetic toxin. Bioconvection observed in cultures allows the establishment of a trade-off between phototropism, which leads to the local accumulation of cells, and their autotoxicity, which would prevent cell concentration. The combination of these processes allows diffusion of the toxin into the underlying water, where it subsequently degrades. Confinement of the population in the pycnocline layer results also from another trade-off between growth conditions and shear-rate-modulated mortality. A simplified encounter kernel was introduced into the population dynamics equation to account for a mortality factor. Under realistic forcing conditions with a small number of parameters, this model reproduced the confinement of the population in the pycnocline layer, the proper timing and the duration of the recurrent K. mikimotoi bloom on the Ushant front (France).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Gentien

Lunven

Lazure

et al. 2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Toxic fatty acids occur in glycolipids [53,54] or in the free form [48,49,53,55]. The toxicity of free fatty acids raises some interesting physical chemical questions because of their low solubility in water (<0.1 g/L for C 12 -C 15 saturates and <10 mg/L for C 16 -C 18 saturates: [56]).…”

Section: Lipid Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

2013

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Lipids provide the densest form of energy in marine ecosystems. They are also a solvent and absorption carrier for organic contaminants and thus can be drivers of pollutant bioaccumulation. Among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids and sterols are considered to be important determinants of ecosystem health and stability. Fatty acids and sterols are also susceptible to oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and a decrease in membrane fluidity. The physical characteristics of biological membranes can be defended from the influence of changing temperature, pressure, or lipid peroxidation by altering the fatty acid and sterol composition of the lipid bilayer. Marine lipids are also a valuable tool to measure inputs, cycling, and loss of materials. Their heterogeneous nature makes them versatile biomarkers that are widely used in marine trophic studies, often with the help of multivariate statistics, to delineate carbon cycling and transfer of materials. Principal components analysis has a strong following as it permits data reduction and an objective interpretation of results, but several more sophisticated multivariate analyses which are more quantitative are emerging too. Integrating stable isotope and lipid data can facilitate the interpretation of both data sets and can provide a quantitative estimate of transfer across trophic levels.

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“…HABs due to this species have been reported in Western Japanese waters (Honjo, 1994;Yoshimatsu, 2008), the North Atlantic (Gentien, 1998;Davidson et al, 2009), and other coastal areas (Lu and Hodgkiss, 2004;Sun et al, 2007), and are frequently associated with severe damage to wild fish, aquaculture fish, and shellfish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible involvement of hemolytic activity in the contact-dependent lethal effects of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

et al. 2010

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We investigated the effects of two strains (SUO-1 and FUK) of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. The SUO-1 strain was highly toxic to rotifers, whereas the FUK strain was less toxic. After 10-hour incubations, the survivorship of rotifers exposed to SUO-1 and FUK was 20% and 95%, respectively.Both the cell-free culture supernatant and the ruptured cell suspension prepared from these strains were not toxic to rotifers. Furthermore, when direct contact between K. mikimotoi and rotifers was interrupted with a cell-impermeable membrane (3-m pores), the toxicity of both the SUO-1 and FUK strains of K. mikimotoi to rotifers were completely inhibited even after a 24-h exposure. Cell suspensions of SUO-1 showed hemolytic activity toward horse erythrocytes, but the FUK strain did not. The cell-free supernatant and the ruptured cell suspension of SUO-1 showed no significant hemolytic activity. These results suggest that this highly toxic strain of K. mikimotoi causes lethality in rotifers by direct contact in which live cell-mediated hemolytic activity might be a contributing factor.

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Haemolytic glycoglycerolipids from Gymnodinium species

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Motility and autotoxicity inKarenia mikimotoi(Dinophyceae)

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Possible involvement of hemolytic activity in the contact-dependent lethal effects of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

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