Haemolytic anaemia in cattle in NSW associated with Theileria infections

Abstract

Several outbreaks of anaemia, jaundice, abortion and mortality in cattle in New South Wales were attributed to the intracellular parasite, Theileria buffeli. Disease occurred predominantly in periparturient animals that had been moved from inland to coastal areas. Diagnosis was made via exclusion of other causes of haemolytic anaemia and observation of the parasite in blood smears. Treatments included both registered and non-registered products. There is a possibility of a new strain of Theileria sp. in Australia and the possible vectors encountered in NSW are discussed.

Etiology and haemato-biochemical alterations in cattle of Jammu suffering from anaemia

“…The cause laboratory analysis. The presenting clinical signs in of anaemia in other seven cattle could not be anaemic cattle were depression (n=32), pale mucous established and may be attributed to dietary factors membranes (n=26), dehydration (n=11), sub normal [13]. The clinical signs in present study were similar to temperature (n=7) and rough body coat (n=5 Table-1.…”

Temporal dynamics and subpopulation analysis of Theileria orientalis genotypes in cattle

“…While T. orientalis has been enzootic to parts of Australia for approximately 100 years, since 2006 there has been a large increase in the number of clinical cases attributed to this parasite (Eamens et al, 2013c;Izzo et al, 2010;Perera et al, 2013). This increase in clinical cases is attributed to the detection of a new genotype in Australia (Ikeda), while previous observations of Theileria in Australian cattle were presumed to be of the benign Buffeli genotype (Kamau et al, 2011).…”

“…The major clinical manifestations of the disease are anaemia, jaundice, lethargy, tachycardia and late-term abortion in pregnant animals (Eamens et al, 2013c;Izzo et al, 2010;Kamau et al, 2011). T. orientalis infections can remain subclinical, although stress may cause the disease to recrudesce (Kamau et al, 2011;McFadden et al, 2011) and animals are infected long-term, perhaps for life (Kubota et al, 1996).…”

Semiquantitative Multiplexed Tandem PCR for Detection and Differentiation of Four Theileria orientalis Genotypes in Cattle

“…Presently, 11 genotypes of T. orientalis complex (designated Chitose or type 1, Ikeda or type 2, Buffeli or type 3, types 4 to 8, and N-1 to N-3) have been identified using a number of molecular markers, including major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) (7,8), 23-kDa piroplasm membrane protein (p23) (9)(10)(11)60), small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene (8,12,13), and/or the first and second internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS-1 and ITS-2, respectively) (12,14). Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16)(17)(18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22).…”

“…Of these genotypes, Ikeda and Chitose are recognized to be associated with clinical outbreaks of oriental theileriosis, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The major clinical signs of this disease include fever, anemia, jaundice, lethargy, weakness, abortion, and/or mortality (16)(17)(18), with significant production losses in dairy cattle (22). Thus far, four genotypes (Buffeli, Chitose, Ikeda, and type 5) of T. orientalis have been reported in Australia (13,18,(20)(21)(22)(23).…”