Haemoglobin and Red Cells in the Human Foetus: II. The Red Cells

Turnbull, Elizabeth P. N.; Walker, James

doi:10.1136/adc.30.150.102

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…(19), Usher & Lind (20) and Bratteby (3). Since there is little or no change in the mean cell volume during this time period (18), these data can be taken to be representative of the total number of cells in the circulation. Fig.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XIII. The mean Life Span and the Life Span Frequency Function of Red Blood Cells Formed during Foetal Life

et al. 1968

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Summary Equations were developed for the relation between the production rate, the life span frequency function and the number of circulating erythrocytes and for the relation between the production rate, the life span frequency function and the relative number of circulating cells after random labelling. With the help of explicit expressions for the production rate and the life span frequency function of erythrocytes formed during the latter part of foetal life, the increase in number of circulating cells during this period and the relative decrease in circulating labelled cells in a simulated cord red blood cell survival experiment were calculated on a digital computer and compared with experimental data. Through the simulation procedure, the parameters in the life span frequency function and the production rate function were estimated. The life span frequency function of the red blood cells did not change appreciably during the last 60 days of foetal life. The mean cell life span was found to be between 45 and 70 days. The life span frequency function was skew with the majority of cells dying before the mean life span. The relative rate of production of erythrocytes during the last two months of gestation was found to be 3–5 times that of normal adults.

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Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XIII. The mean Life Span and the Life Span Frequency Function of Red Blood Cells Formed during Foetal Life

et al. 1968

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“…Opinion in Britain and elsewhere has been much influenced by the work of Walker and his colleagues (Walker andTurnbull 1953, 1955;Turnbull and Walker, 1955) in Aberdeen; they found that the stillbirth rate increased significantly after the 41st week. Walker put this down to anoxia, as he found that the oxygen supply of the foetus even in a clinically normal pregnancy falls gradually up to the 40th week and rapidly thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal Post-maturity and Prolongation of Pregnancy

Browne¹

1957

BMJ

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In 1922 W. J. Bailantyne and I published a paper entitled "The Problems of Foetal Post-maturity and Prolongation of Pregnancy." The opinions expressed were founded largely on the experience gained by the performance up to that time by one of us (F. J. B.) of over 500 post-mortem examinations of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. We emphasized the absence of any reliable criteria, clinical or pathological, for the diagnosis of post-maturity in the foetus or newborn child, but among our conclusions were the following: (1) the dangers to both mother and child are undoubted: they are chiefly associated with difficulty in the passage of the child; and (2) the treatment is prevention of postmaturity by induction of labour at or soon after the carefully calculated period of full-time gestation.At that time induction of labour was the method of treating disproportion in Britain, and it was because of the fear of disproportion and difficult labour that we advocated it.In this paper, which represents a somewhat new approach to the problem, the incidence and sequelae of induction of labour for post-maturity, as revealed in all the hospital annual clinical reports available to menamely, 32 reports from 20 hospitals-are reviewed. Table I shows most of the essential details, and it will be observed that, with one or two exceptions, all the reports are of recent date. Each hospital is designated by a capital letter, and where a number is attached to a letter (for example, Al), it indicates reports of succeeding years from the same hospital. Incidence of Induction of LabourOnly inductions done after the 40th week are included and those in which there are no additional indications for induction, such as toxaemia, disproportion, and so on.Caesarean section rates for all the hospital deliveries are included because a high rate might sometimes compensate for a low induction rate.It will be evident that there are wide differences in the incidence of induction for post-maturity. In hospital K during the year from July 1, 1949, to June 30, 1950, it was not do,ie once in 4,949 deliveries, whereas in hospitals L and 0 it was done in 3%, and in hospitals G and A4 in 2.7% and 2.1% respectively. In hospital K, in which there were no inductions for post-maturity, the stillbirth rate was the seventh lowest in the series, and in hospital R, in which induction was done very seldom (0.11 %) the stillbirth rate was the third lowest. In neither of these hospitals was caesarean section done for post-maturity. Examination of the stillbirth records of hospital K shows that no stillbirths resulted in women who had gone beyond 40 weeks' gestation, so that no babies were lost through failure to induce. The caesarean section rate in this hospital was 1.8%, the lowest in the entire series.It will be noted that some hospitals with a low induction rate for post-maturity had a very high perinatal mortality rate. This, however, seems to be due to other causes. Thus in hospital F, with 2,641 deliveries and no inductions for post-maturity, 75% of the patients we...

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“…2) one may conclude that the process of releasing smaller cells from the bone marrow begins only after birth. Hu man fetuses were shown by Turnbull and Walker [25] to have a constant MCV of 116.8//m3 from the 36th to the 43rd week of gestation. So human infants too possess at least two populations of RBC during the first months of life [7,8] as is shown in oth er young animals by Valet and co-workers [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Characterization of Red Blood Cells from Newborns and Infants during the First Trimenon of Life Using a Dextran Density Gradient: Mean Cellular Volume and Mean Cellular Haemoglobin Concentration

Grauel¹,

Müller²,

Gross³

et al. 1982

Acta Haematol

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The adaptation of cell physiological parameters of erythrocytes of the newborn to erythrocytes in later life was studied by cell separation in an isopycnic dextran density gradient. The cell characteristics during the first trimester of life were followed by repeated determinations. The mean cellular haemoglobin concentration of the lightest cells is remarkably less than that of the cells of median density. This is probably due to the ongoing synthesis of haemoglobin in reticulocytes, which are highly concentrated in the top fractions. It was shown that the young cells released from the bone marrow become progressively smaller during this period with a decrease of mean cellular volume (MCV) from 104 μm3 at birth to 85 μm3 at the end of the first trimester. It has been established that this process commences during the first week of life. No difference concerning the alterations of cell parameters, especially MCV, in premature and mature infants was found. It is therefore probable that these alterations are due to changes in the external milieu following birth.

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Haemoglobin and Red Cells in the Human Foetus: II. The Red Cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XIII. The mean Life Span and the Life Span Frequency Function of Red Blood Cells Formed during Foetal Life

STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XIII. The mean Life Span and the Life Span Frequency Function of Red Blood Cells Formed during Foetal Life

Foetal Post-maturity and Prolongation of Pregnancy

Separation and Characterization of Red Blood Cells from Newborns and Infants during the First Trimenon of Life Using a Dextran Density Gradient: Mean Cellular Volume and Mean Cellular Haemoglobin Concentration

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