Haemodynamic responses to isometric exercise (handgrip) in patients with heart disease.

Fisher, M.; Nutter, Donald O.; Jacobs, William R.; Schlant, Robert C.

doi:10.1136/hrt.35.4.422

Cited by 86 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…None of the diabetics was on a drug known to affect the autonomic nervous system. Other possible causes for a reduced response do not apply in these subjects: the MVC was not lower in those diabetic subjects whose response to handgrip fell below 2 standard deviations of the normal mean value for the sex, suggesting that diminished muscular strength is not a factor in the genesis of the abnormal response to handgrip; failure of the subjects to exert the true maximum voluntary contraction is also unlikely as discussed above; there was no difference in the duration that these diabetics sustained handgrip, suggesting that individual determination was not reduced in this group, nor was there premature release of the handgrip; a recent report has suggested that patients with marked left ventricular disease have a lower response than normal subjects (Fisher et al, 1973), but no diabetic subjects with known heart disease, or symptoms suggestive of heart disease, were included in this study. We conclude therefore that some diabetic subjects have a defect of the autonomic pathways mediating the cardiovascular responses to sustained exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…In clinical cardiology sustained handgrip has found a place as a stress test to distinguish normal and abnormal left ventricular function during cardiac catheterization (Fisher, Nutter, Jacob & Schlant, 1973 ;Helfant, devilla & Meister, 1971;Kivowitz, Parmley, Donoso, Marcus, Ganz & Swan, I971), and has been used as an aid in assessing difficult heart murmurs (McGraw, Siegal, Stonecipher, Nutter, Schlant & Hurst, 1972), but its application in other fields has not yet been developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular Responses to Sustained Handgrip in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Test of Autonomic Function

et al. 1974

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1. The blood pressure and heart rate responses to static muscular exercise were measured in sixty normal subjects and 124 patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 25-54 years, during a standardized sustained handgrip test at 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC).2. The normal range of the response was established. Females had a smaller blood pressure rise than males, and their MVC was lower. In the normal subjects there was a significant correlation between the size of the MVC and the height of the blood pressure response. The absolute muscle tension exerted should be taken into account in addition to the percentage MVC, when comparing responses to sustained exercise in different disease states.3. The diabetic subjects showed a similar sex difference in their response. The mean diastolic blood pressure rises were smaller than in the control groups, both in males and females, but this was related to a smaller mean MVC. 4. Twenty-two of the diabetic subjects had an abnormally low response to sustained handgrip, which was not related to age, duration of diabetes, treatment or control of the disease. These diabetic subjects probably had damage of the autonomic fibres mediating the response. The findings would suggest that sustained handgrip is a useful and simple method of detecting involvement of the autonomic nervous system in diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Responses to Sustained Handgrip in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Test of Autonomic Function

et al. 1974

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“…(15) Rate pressure product can be even lower following submaximal isometric handgrip training as compared to submaximal isotonic treadmill exercise in normotensive individuals. (16) The IHG exercise training induced reduction in resting heart rate and resting blood pressure, may be due to increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity, (17) or increase in the activity of both the autonomic branches. (18) Training causes increase in eNOS (endothelium nitric oxide synthase) gene transcription, eNOS mRNA stability and eNOS protein translation, resulting in increased nitric oxide formation from its precursor Larginine, which may be due to repetitive episodic increases in endothelial cells shear stress.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Echocardiographic Parameters Among Healthy Young Males

Gandhi¹

2016

jebmh

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Low level of physical fitness and sedentary life style is becoming one of the major risk factor of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Isometric hand grip exercise (IHG exercise) as a form of static resistance exercise has been shown to lower resting blood pressure and results in favorable cardiovascular remodeling. Still, its effect on cardiovascular, especially echocardiographic parameters has not been widely studied. Hence, the study was planned to evaluate the effect of IHG training of 5 weeks on cardiovascular parameters. 30 apparently healthy males of age group 23.57±1.83 years were included in the study. Relevant medical history and anthropometric variables were taken. They were asked to perform 4 IHG exercise at 30% of MVC for 3min with 5min rest in between for 4 days per week, for a period of 5 weeks. Cardiovascular parameters were recorded at the start, during the training and at the end of the training, while the echocardiographic parameters were recorded before and at the end of training. Significant decrease was observed in SBP, DBP, MAP, HR, RPP (rate pressure product) both at rest and at 2min of IHG exercise. Heart rate recovery at 1min increased significantly after the training. Echocardiography showed significant increment in interventricular septum thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness and left ventricular ejection fraction; and significant decrement in left ventricular end systolic diameter and volume. The study thus showed that IHG training resulted in positive morphological and functional adaptation of cardiovascular system, resulting decrease in stress on it both at rest and during exercise. KEYWORDSIsometric Hand Grip training, Cardiovascular system adaptation, Echocardiography. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE:Gandhi S. Effect of isometric hand grip exercise training on cardiovascular and echocardiographic parameters among healthy young males.

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“…Is should be noted that isotonic exercise testing has sig nificant limitations: time needed, expensive equiment, highly trained personnel, and it is not practical when performed on a large scale. It is well known that isometric exer cise using handgrip contraction causes a rapid elevation in blood pressure which re turns to normal immediately after the end of the exercise test [ 13], The physiology and physiopathology of cardiovascular responses to sustained contractions were investigated and published [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The handgrip method was used for the detection of isch emic heart disease [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and the evalua tion of antihypertensive treatment [28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotonic (Dynamic) and Isometric (Static) Effort in the Assessment and Evaluation of Diastolic Hypertension: Correlation and Clinical Use

Cantor¹,

Gold²,

Gueron³

et al. 1987

Cardiology

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We compared the effect of two exercise stress tests on blood pressure in normal and borderline populations. The aim of the trial was to determine if isometric exercise testing by handgrip can replace the isotonic exercise test in population screening for the detection of mild and latent hypertension. The study involved 150 subjects; 62 were normotensive and 88 were borderline hypertensive. No significant statistical difference was found in diastolic pressure between the tests. In normotensive subjects, the diastolic response after isotonic effort was 79.3 ± 9.6 mm Hg and 89.0 ± 9.7 mm Hg after the isometric test (p < 0.05). However, both results did not pass 100 mm Hg. In borderline hypertensive patients the diastolic response to the isotonic test was 105.6 ± 8.8 mm Hg and after the isometric test 107.7 ± 10.6 mm Hg (NS). The results show that the handgrip isometric test can replace the complicated isotonic test for the screening detection and evaluation of hypertensives in the population.

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Haemodynamic responses to isometric exercise (handgrip) in patients with heart disease.

Cited by 86 publications

References 9 publications

Cardiovascular Responses to Sustained Handgrip in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Test of Autonomic Function

Cardiovascular Responses to Sustained Handgrip in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Test of Autonomic Function

Effect of Isometric Hand Grip Exercise Training on Cardiovascular and Echocardiographic Parameters Among Healthy Young Males

Isotonic (Dynamic) and Isometric (Static) Effort in the Assessment and Evaluation of Diastolic Hypertension: Correlation and Clinical Use

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