Haemocyanin concentration of juvenile lobsters (Homarus gammarus) in relation to moulting cycle and feeding conditions

Influence of selected Indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon with reference to haematological, biochemical and immunological changes

“…The haemocyanin has been affected by the moulting cycle, nutritional conditions and stress [23,40,41]. The present results revealed a significant reduction in oxyhaemocyanin content in WSSV infected shrimps when compared to the normal (blank control) shrimps.…”

“…To measure oxyhaemocyanin, 100 ml of haemolymph was immediately diluted with 900 ml distilled water in a 10-mm quartz cuvette and the absorbance was measured at 335 nm using a Hitachi U-2000 spectrophotometer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). The concentration of oxyhaemocyanin was calculated following the method of Hagerman [23].…”

Haemolymph protein composition and copper levels in decapod crustaceans

“…Its buffering power towards carbon dioxide is very high in Maia squinado (Kerridge, 1926), while in Orconectes limosus, only 18 % of the blood's buffer capacity can be removed by dialysis (Andrews, 1967). Haemocyanin is an important organic nutrient reserve (Hagerman, 1983) and may also be involved in the storage of amino acids liberated by cells during hypo-osmotic shock (Schoffeniels, 1976). Conversely, haemocyanin may contribute to the release of certain amino acids required as osmotic effectors during hyperosmotic stress.…”

The molecular heterogeneity of hemocyanin: Its role in the adaptive plasticity of Crustacea

“…The initial Hc decline is a secondary effect of the marked water uptake that leads to the shedding of the old exoskeleton but produces a general dilution of hemolymph (Skinner, 1985;Taylor and Kier, 2003). Secondarily, as in other circumstances of forced starvation, Hc is metabolically recycled and employed as source of energy and amino acids (Zuckerkandl, 1960;Hagerman, 1983). The magnitude of the Hc concentration decrease is not only species dependant, but also related to the metabolic rate and the physiological conditions of animals (Zuckerkandl, 1960;Mangum et al, 1985).…”

“…Individual variability in the extent of Hc concentration modifications is clearly detectable. This could be in general related with the physiological conditions of the specimen but in particular it appears more strictly dependant on the nutritional status (Uglow, 1969a,b;Hagerman, 1983;Baden et al, 1990Baden et al, , 2003Spicer and Strömberg, 2002). Fasting, both natural and experimental, markedly reduces the Hc concentration.…”