Haematological and Antioxidant Properties of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Rats Supplemented with Antioxidant Micronutrients

Abstract

Oxidative stress is elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus and oxidative modification of red cell membrane increases its fragility. Micronutrients with antioxidant effect protect structure and function of biological membranes. In the current study, manganese, copper and zinc, were supplemented in alloxan-induced diabetic rats for a period of 4 weeks. Haematological indices were determined by standard methods and results analyzed using InStat3 Statistical Software. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell concentrations were 16.91±0.23g/dl, 50.0±1.11% and 5.63±0.32(10 12 /L) in controls 12.43±0.71g/dl, 36.42±1.38% and 4.58±0.23(10 12 /L) in treated unsupplemented group, and 13.84±0.43g/dl, 42.14±1.67% and 5.54±0.32(10 12 /L) in treated and supplemented groups respectively. Mean cell volume, mean cell haematocrit and mean cell haematocrit concentration values were 9.39±0.25fl, 3.15±0.12pg and 0.33±0.01g/L in controls, 8.18±0.46fl, 2.74±0.09pg and 0.34±0.62g/L in the treated unsupplemented group, and 7.99±0.65fl, 2.57±0.18pg and 0.32±0.01g/L in the treated and supplemented group respectively. Activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were 2.00±0.17U/mg protein, 46.43±4.25U/mg protein and 59.86±1.08U/mg protein in the controls, 1.67±0.22U/mg protein, 36.88±3.91U/mg protein and 39.86±3.03U/mg protein in the unsupplemented group and 1.61±0.18U/mg protein, 44.86±1.82U/mg protein and 57.14±2.48U/mg protein in the supplemented group respectively. The concentration of malondialdehyde was 1.83±0.16nmol/ml in controls, 2.37±0.19nmol/ml in supplemented group and 1.91±1.14nmol/ml in the supplemented group. It may be concluded from the present study that antioxidant micronutrient improve some haematological and antioxidant indices and reduce lipid peroxidation in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Chemical Composition And Nutritional Evaluation Of Leea Guineensis Seed

“…The proximate analysis of Leea guineensis seed (Table 1) shows that it has high protein content, comparable to other rich foods such as cowpeas, melon, pumpkin, chick beans and lima beans [6,3,31], which implies that Leea guineensis seed can serve as a better source of protein alongside with its high levels of indispensable (essential) amino acids (Table 4). This function mainly in the supply of adequate amount of required amino acids, its deficiency causes growth retardation, muscle wasting (which is one of the characteristic of diabetes mellitus patient), oedema, abnormal swelling of the belly etc [19,31]. The seed's crude fibre content was significantly higher than those reported in almond nut (7.23 ±0.05%) and legumes (5-6%) [5,3,31].…”

“…The crude protein, lipids, fiber and ash were determined in triplicate using the methods describes by AOAC [1,31], while the carbohydrate content was determined by difference method (calculated by subtracting the sum of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and ash from total dry matter content). Also, the concentration of the milled samples was determined by the micro-kjeldahl method and multiplied by 6.25 to estimate the crude protein content.…”

“…This was filtered into 250ml standard volumetric capacity borosilicate container, and made up to the mark level with deionized water. Furthermore, the digested sample was sub-sampled into pre-cleaned borosilicate glass containers for Atomic absorption spectrophotometer [1,31] Fatty acid determination 50mg of the extracted fat content of the sample was saponified for five minutes at 95 0 C with 3.4ml of the 0.5M KOH in dry methanol. The mixture was neutralized by using 0.7M HCl.…”

“…The fatty acid methyl esters were thrice extracted from the mixture with redistilled n-hexane. The content was concentrated to 1ml for gas chromatography analysis and 1µl was injected into the injection port of gas chromatography [1,31].…”

“…Then the amino acid content of the sample was recovered by extracting with 30ml of the dichloro methane three times before concentrating to 1.0ml. The concentrated extract was derivatised for volatility that is suitable for gas chromatography [1,31]. Table 1 shows the result of proximate analyses of the Leea guineensis seed with 22.30 ±0.42% of protein.…”