Haemadsorption and Haemagglutination by Mycoplasmas

Manchee, R. J.; Taylor‐Robinson, David

doi:10.1099/00221287-50-3-465

Cited by 165 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The procedures used to determine reduction of tetrazolium, tellurite, and methylene blue and gelatin hydrolysis were performed by the method of Aluotto et al (2). Previously published procedures were used for phosphatase determination (6), film and spot production (22), and tests for the ability of colonies to hemadsorb guinea pig erythrocytes (32).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Hung

Chen

Whitcomb

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Spiroplasma strain AES-1, which was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans, is the monotypic representative of group X. This strain differed in serological reactivity, growth pattern, and morphology from previously described spiroplasmas. Most cells of strain AES-1 were nonhelical; helical cells were about 1 to 2 p m long and rarely had more than one or two turns. Optimal growth occurred at 31°C; no growth was observed at 37°C. Cholesterol and amino acids were required for growth. Strain AES-1 utilized glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, and trehalose in the chemically defined CC-494 medium, failed to hydrolyze arginine and urea but reduced tellurite either aerobically or anaerobically, and was susceptible to digitonin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of the cell proteins of strain AES-1 were distinctive and were characterized by a major low-molecular-weight protein band. The guanine-plus-cytosine content was 26.6 mol% as determined by thermal denaturation. Serological studies, using growth inhibition, deformation, and metabolism inhibition tests, showed that strain AES-1 was distinct from all recognized spiroplasma groups and subgroups, including the six named Spiroplasma species; avidin-biotin-peroxidase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that strain AES-1 was unrelated to S. citri, S. melliferum, S . kunkelii, S . JEoricola, and S . apis. Strain AES-1 is the first to be characterized biochemically in a chemically defined medium. We propose that strain AES-1 (ATCC 35112) be designated as the monotypic representative of a new species, Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov.Spiroplasma sp. strain AES-1 was isolated from the salt marsh mosquito Aedes sollicitans in 1981 (40). More recent isolations of spiroplasmas in the French Alps (lo), Alabama (38a), and Hawaii (L. Rosen, personal communication) suggest that species of this genus may be widespread in mosquitos. Strain AES-1 was designated (49) as group X in a revised (47,49) classification (27) of the genus Spiroplasma (39,46). We characterized strain AES-1 according to criteria (25) proposed by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Mollicutes. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of strain AES-1 and propose that it be recognized as the type strain of a new Spiroplasma species. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrigin of isolate. Strain AES-lT was isolated from a salt marsh mosquito in New Jersey in 1981 by Slaff and Chen (40) in R-2 medium, a modification of the C-3G medium (29) consisting of 150 g of PPLO broth base (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.), 100 g of sucrose, and 150 ml of horse serum per liter. The isolate was triply cloned by plating on solid R-2 medium with 1% Noble agar.Other spiroplasmas were employed in comparative tests with strain AES-lT. The history and origin of most of these strains have been described (37). These strains included Culture media. R-2 medium was used for cultivation of strain AES-1, S . apis SR3, and for all strains used in enzyme-linked immunosorben...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Hung

Chen

Whitcomb

et al. 1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…Glucose-containing medium used to grow M. pulmonis and arginine-containing medium to grow M. hominis for mouse inoculation and to recover the organisms subsequently have been described previously [6]. Briefly, these media comprised beef heart infusion supplemented with horse serum 20%, yeast extract 2X5%, penicillin 1000 i.u./ml, thallium acetate 0-05 %, phenol red 0-002 % and glucose 0-1 % or arginine 0.1 %, the pH of the glucose-containing medium being adjusted to 7-8 and that of the arginine-containing medium to 7 0.…”

Section: Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of mycoplasmas from the murine genital tract by hormone treatment

Taylor‐Robinson

Furr

1990

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYTwenty progesterone-treated TO mice were infected intravaginally with Mycoplasma pulmonis. One month later, ten of the mice were given oestradiol which changed the reproductive cycle to the oestrous phase and within a week resulted in eradication of the organisms from six of them; vaginal persistence in the other mice may have been due, at least in part, to reinoculation of organisms from the oropharynx, a site heavily infected in all the mice. The majority of the mice not treated with oestradiol continued to shed the organisms from the vagina for at least 91 days. In another experiment, 19 oestradiol-treated BALB/c mice were infected intravaginally with M. hominis. One month later, nine of the mice were given progesterone which changed the reproductive cycle to the dioestrous phase and eradicated the organisms from seven within 2 weeks and from all of them within about a month. This was in contrast to the mice not given progesterone, the majority of which continued to shed the organisms for at least 167 days.

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“…Media for growth and isolation of ureaplasmas and for the isolation of mycoplasmas were as described previously (Manchee and Taylor-Robinson, 1968 ;Taylor-Robinson et al, 1971). A urethral swab expressed in 2.7 ml of liquid medium was regarded as a 10-fold dilution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urethral infection of chimpanzees by Ureaplasma urealyticum

Taylor‐Robinson¹,

Purcell

London

et al. 1978

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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ORGANISMS of the genus Ureaplasma urealyticum were previously known as T-strain or T mycoplasmas (Shepard et al., 1974) and are referred to trivially as ureaplasmas. In non-specific urethritis (NSU) in man, the role of ureaplasmas has been contentious for many years. Many comparative studies of men with and without the disease have failed to implicate these micro-organisms conclusively as a cause (Taylor-Robinson, 1976). However, the results of a placebo-controlled trial of minocycline in the treatment of NSU (Prentice, Taylor-Robinson and Csonka, 1976) suggested strongly not only that chlamydiae had an important role but also, a1 beit less convincingly, that ureaplasmas were implicated. This idea is supported by the results of a study in which certain antibiotics differentially affected chlamydiae and ureaplasmas (Bowie et al., 1976) and by observations on a patient infected by a tetracycline-resistant ureaplasma (Ford and Smith, 1974). In addition, the development of urethritis in two subjects after self-inoculation of ureaplasmas (Taylor-Robinson, Csonka and Prentice, 1977) is a further clear indication of the ability of these organisms to cause disease. Whether all ureaplasmas are pathogenic in this way is unknown and this question is unlikely to be explored by further human urethral inoculation, as the possibility of undertaking human volunteer experimentation is very limited. In view of this, we inoculated chimpanzees intra-urethrally with human genital-ureaplasma strains known to produce disease in man. MATERIALS AND METHODSUreaplasmas. Two ureaplasma strains (38a and 43a) that had been used previously for human intra-urethral inoculation (Taylor-Robinson et al., 1977) were used. Each belonged to serotype V and had been cloned three times on artificial media. Strain 38cc was used at subculture 14 and strain 43a at subculture 11 for inoculation. Each ureaplasma pool in complete medium without thallium acetate was diluted 10-fold in PPLO broth before urethral inoculation.Chimpanzees. Four adult male chimpanzees (nos. 1-4) weighing between 25 and 50 kg were caged individually. All had been held in captivity for several years. The care and feeding of the animals was as described previously (London et al., 1972).Media and culture techniques. Media for growth and isolation of ureaplasmas and for the isolation of mycoplasmas were as described previously (Manchee and Taylor-Robinson, 1968 ; Taylor-Robinson et al., 1971). A urethral swab expressed in 2.7 ml of liquid medium was regarded as a 10-fold dilution. This and urethral washings were further diluted in 10-fold steps to assess the number of ureaplasma organisms present in the original sample. The highest dilution that produced a colour change after incubation at 37°C was considered to contain one colour-changing unit (CCU) (Taylor-Robinson and Purcell, 1966). Washings and swabs were also spread over blood agar and the plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for at least 48 h.-~_ _~ ~

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Haemadsorption and Haemagglutination by Mycoplasmas

Cited by 165 publications

References 17 publications

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Spiroplasma culicicola sp. nov. from the Salt Marsh Mosquito Aedes sollicitans

Elimination of mycoplasmas from the murine genital tract by hormone treatment

Urethral infection of chimpanzees by Ureaplasma urealyticum

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