Hadza hunter‐gatherer men do not have more masculine digit ratios (2<scp>D</scp>:4<scp>D</scp>)

Apicella, Coren L.; Tobolsky, Victoria A.; Marlowe, Frank W.; Miller, Kathleen W.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.22864

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…However, recent work highlights concerns regarding the reliability of 2D:4D as a biomarker (Valla & Ceci, 2011). The 2D:4D of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome patients were found to be only somewhat feminized, and had the same variance as in healthy controls, demonstrating that the preponderance of individual differences in the measure is not attributable to the influence of T exposure (Berenbaum et al, 2009) Hadza people reported an absence of 2D:4D distinction between males and females, suggesting that sex differences in the measure are not universal (Apicella, Tobolsky, Marlowe, & Miller, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Does testosterone impair men’s cognitive empathy? Evidence from two large-scale randomized controlled trials

Nadler

Camerer

Zava

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The capacity to infer the mental states of others (known as "cognitive empathy") is essential for social interactions, and a well-known theory proposes that it is negatively affected by intrauterine testosterone exposure. Furthermore, previous studies reported that testosterone administration impaired cognitive empathy in healthy adults, and that a biomarker of prenatal testosterone exposure (finger digit ratios) moderated the effect. However, empirical support for the relationship has relied on small-sample studies with mixed evidence. We investigate the reliability and generalizability of the relationship in two large-scale double-blind placebocontrolled experiments in young men (N=243 and N=400), using two different testosterone administration protocols. We find no evidence that cognitive empathy is impaired by testosterone administration or associated with digit ratios. With an unprecedented combined sample size, these results counter current theories and previous high-profile reports, and demonstrate that previous investigations of this topic have been statistically underpowered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Hadza people reported an absence of 2D:4D distinction between males and females, suggesting that sex differences in the measure are not universal (Apicella, Tobolsky, Marlowe, & Miller, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Does testosterone impair men’s cognitive empathy? Evidence from two large-scale randomized controlled trials

Nadler

Camerer

Zava

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The relationship between prenatal testosterone (or T/E ratio) and the digit ratio seems to be valid based on both experimental studies on laboratory animals (Zheng & Cohn, 2011) and various indirect evidence on humans (Brown et al, 2002;Galis, Ten Broek, Van Dongen, & Wijnaendts, 2010;€ Okten et al, 2002;Ventura et al, 2013). Despite this major trend, it must be clearly stated that a number of studies found null or even contradictory results of sexual differences in the digit ratio or its supposed relationships, both in humans (Apicella, Tobolsky, Marlowe, & Miller, 2016;Buck, Williams, Hughes, & Acerini, 2003;Dressler & Voracek, 2011;Hickey et al, 2010;Hollier et al, 2015;O swie R cimska et al, 2012;Putz, Gaulin, Sporter, & McBurney, 2004) and nonhuman animals (Lilley et al, 2009). Our present study showed that this might be caused partly by insufficiently assessed individual level of ontogenetic changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall trends vs. individual trajectories in the second‐to‐fourth digit (2D:4D) and metacarpal (2M:4M) ratios during puberty and adolescence

Králík

Ingrová

Koziel

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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Relatively slight overall changes in digit ratio in puberty and adolescence themselves are not inconsistent with the use of the 2D:4D ratio as an indirect marker of prenatal sexual differentiation. Nevertheless, individual changes in the ratios varied substantially in this study and differed from the average trends. Future studies should focus on the nature of interindividual developmental differences in the digit and metacarpal ratios.

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“…The majority of studies confirm sex differences in the digit ratio, but there is also a noticeable number of studies showing weak, null or even contradictory results (Apicella, Tobolsky, Marlowe, & Miller, ; Berenbaum, Bryk, Nowak, Quigley, & Moffat, ; Buck, Williams, Hughes, & Acerini, ; Dressler & Voracek, ; Georgiev, Ryan, Gettler, McDade, & Kuzawa, ; Hickey et al, ; Hollier et al, ; Oświęcimska et al, ; Putz, Gaulin, Sporter, & McBurney, ). These results reflect the various genetic polymorphisms involved in autopodial early development which play a role in 2D:4D ratio development (Zheng & Cohn, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

Králík

Hupková

Zeman

et al. 2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: Family represents the closest social environment that immediately affects human ontogeny from an early prenatal period. This study aimed to assess sibship influences on the second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D ratio). Methods: The source sample represented 329 children aged 6.5 to 15.8 years (Czech Republic), including a subsample of 75 sibling pairs. A combination of (a) betweenfamily design (cross-sectional sample) and (b) within-family design (pairs of siblings) was used to study the effect of family variables and interbirth interval (IBI) on the 2D:4D ratio. Results: Birth order, number of siblings (except for younger sisters), and sex ratio in siblings were significantly related to the 2D:4D ratio on the right, left, or both hands.At the same time, the relationships were opposite in males and females for birth order, number of older brothers and number of children in the family--increasing values in these variables increased digit ratio in males but decreased digit ratio in females. Mean difference in 2D:4D ratio (DIFF) within pairs (older minus younger sibling) differed from zero only in the "older sister--younger brother" group, where DIFF did not depend on IBI. On the contrary, in remaining pair types the DIFF tended to change with IBI, the strongest in the "older brother--younger sister" pairs. Conclusions: Family variables, especially number of older brothers, should be considered as important confounding factors in 2D:4D ratio studies. However, the effect of these variables might be modified by IBI.

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Hadza hunter‐gatherer men do not have more masculine digit ratios (2D:4D)

Cited by 35 publications

References 106 publications

Does testosterone impair men’s cognitive empathy? Evidence from two large-scale randomized controlled trials

Does testosterone impair men’s cognitive empathy? Evidence from two large-scale randomized controlled trials

Overall trends vs. individual trajectories in the second‐to‐fourth digit (2D:4D) and metacarpal (2M:4M) ratios during puberty and adolescence

Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval

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