Hadron sampling calorimetry, a puzzle of physics

Brückmann, H.; Anders, B.; Behrens, U.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(88)91026-1

Cited by 67 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The evidence of the local hardening effect was found and systematically studied for Si/U and Si/W calorimeters [76]. This effect was also investigated through EGS4 simulations [75,[104][105][106]. It was also possible to evaluate a reduction of the e/mip ratio by this effect in the case of a U/scintillator calorimeter with uranium plates wrapped in stainless steel.…”

Section: E/mip Reduction In High-z Sampling Calorimeters: the Local H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of cascading shower generation and propagation in matter: principles of high-energy, ultrahigh-energy and compensating calorimetry

Leroy

Rancoita

2000

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Calorimetry plays a crucial role in modern experimental physics. Calorimeters are essential tools to extract physics in accelerator and non-accelerator experiments. The physics phenomena at the base of cascading processes in matter and the basic principles of calorimeters operation are reviewed at the light of data obtained from running experiments or from sets of dedicated measurements and the constraints from physics requirements. From this understanding comes the possibility of building powerful calorimetric systems with the optimal performances required by future experiments at high-energy and ultrahigh-energy regimes.

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Section: E/mip Reduction In High-z Sampling Calorimeters: the Local H...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics of cascading shower generation and propagation in matter: principles of high-energy, ultrahigh-energy and compensating calorimetry

Leroy

Rancoita

2000

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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“…Two components of the hadron showers strongly influence the energy deposition and the possibilities to measure its energy. The break up of nuclei strongly reduces the detectable energy [5,6,7]; the lost energy is referred to as "invisible energy" in the following, it has to be compensated by weighting. On the other hand the electromagnetic component in a hadron shower is deposited in the calorimeter without losses and therefore has not to be weighted.…”

Section: Description Of the New Weighting Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these energy densities are characteristic for energy depositions of low energy electrons and photons in the tail of the shower (see increase of the fractional contribution of the electromagnetic energy in fig. 1b), the transition effect [5,7,31] reduces the signal and therefore forces the weights to increase. Fig.…”

Section: The Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two different methods have been proposed to avoid these disadvantages. Hardware compensation, optimized by extensive simulations of hadron showers [5,6,7], enhances the hadron signal by detecting neutrons, produced in hadron 238 U interactions, with scintillators [8,9]. On the other hand in fine grained calorimeters the signal of different detector cells can be weighted in such a way that the overall signal of electrons and hadrons depositing the same energy is equalized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved weighting algorithm to achieve software compensation in a fine grained LAr calorimeter

İşsever

Borras

Wegener

2005

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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An improved weighting algorithm applied to hadron showers has been developed for a fine grained LAr calorimeter. The new method uses tabulated weights which depend on the density of energy deposited in individual cells and in a surrounding cone whose symmetry axis connects the interaction vertex with the highest energy cluster in the shower induced by a hadron. The weighting of the visible energy and the correction for losses due to noise cuts are applied in separate steps. In contrast to standard weighting procedures the new algorithm allows to reconstruct the total energy as well as the spatial energy deposition on the level of individual calorimeter cells.The linearity and the energy resolution of the pion signal in the momentum interval 2 GeV /c ≤ p ≤ 20 GeV /c studied in this analysis are considerably improved in comparison to the standard weighting algorithm as practiced presently by the H1 collaboration. Moreover the energy spectra reconstructed with the new method follow in a broad interval a Gaussian distribution and have less pronounced tails.

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“…Part of the problem was that the physics of energy deposition had not yet been elucidated, or at least widely understood. This came in the late 1980s with the work of Fabjan et al [9], Wigmans [10], Brückmann et al [11], Drews et al [12], and others, but a key element was the energy deposition inventories produced by the very detailed simulations of Gabriel and his collaborators at Oak Ridge as early as 1974 [9,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of resolution in a homogeneous dual-readout hadronic calorimeter

Groom

2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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If the scintillator response to a hadronic shower in a semi-infinite uniform calorimeter structure is S relative to the electronic response, then, where E is the incident hadron energy, f em is the electronic shower fraction, and h/e is the hadron/electron response ratio. If there is also a simultaneous readout with a different h/e, say a Cherenkov signal C, then a linear combination of the two signals provides an estimator of E that is proportional to the incident energy and whose distribution is nearly Gaussian-even though the S and C distributions are non-linear in E, wide, and skewed. Since an estimator of f em is also obtained, it is no longer a stochastic variable. Much of the remaining resolution variance is due to sampling fluctuations. These can be avoided in a homogeneous calorimeter. The energy resolution depends upon the contrast in h/e between the two channels. h/e is small in the Cherenkov channel. Mechanisms that increase h/e in sampling calorimeters with organic scintillator readout are not available in a homogeneous inorganic scintillator calorimeter. The h/e contrast is very likely too small to provide the needed energy resolution.1 Technically, a power-law fit finds a = (1 − h/e )E 1−m 0 . Since 1 − m is small and the scale energy E 0 is close to 1 GeV for pion-induced cascades, the distinction is minor: h/e ≈ 1 − a. A similar distinction occurs when other parameterizations are used. h/e itself cannot be isolated.

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Hadron sampling calorimetry, a puzzle of physics

Cited by 67 publications

References 11 publications

Physics of cascading shower generation and propagation in matter: principles of high-energy, ultrahigh-energy and compensating calorimetry

Physics of cascading shower generation and propagation in matter: principles of high-energy, ultrahigh-energy and compensating calorimetry

An improved weighting algorithm to achieve software compensation in a fine grained LAr calorimeter

Degradation of resolution in a homogeneous dual-readout hadronic calorimeter

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