Hadron production by quark combination in central<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">NN</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo

Shao, Chang-en; Shao, Feng-lan; Xie, Qingguo

doi:10.1103/physrevc.80.014909

Cited by 41 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Results for φ and Ω of directly produced, created at final kinetic freeze-out and total final state ones are the same, since there are no other decay contributions to them. The directly produced K/π ratio is about 0.4, which reveals the strangeness in heavy-ion collisions and is comparable to our previous studies [35]. Directly produced protons take about half of the total final states ones, and the other half comes from ∆ decays.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Momentum integral parts in Eqs. (34) and (35) are slightly lower just after the hadronization than those at the final kinetic freeze-out since momentum distributions of directly produced nucleons are harder than those including resonance decay contributions at the final kinetic freeze-out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, from Eqs. (34)(35)(36), one can see that these three ratios are approximately proportional to nucleon densities instead of nucleon numbers, and this can well explain the constant values for d/p and 3 He/p as a function of the averaged charged multiplicity observed by the ALICE Collaboration [16]. Numerical values of d/p, 3 He/p and 3 He/d for just after the hadronization and at the final kinetic freeze-out are calculated, respectively, and results are in the third and fourth columns in Table III.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different production sources of light nuclei inultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Wang

Shao

2019

Chinese Phys. C

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We propose a new method, i.e., an exclusive quark combination model + an inclusive hadron recombination model, to study different production sources of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We take deuterons and 3 He produced in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV as examples to present contributions of different production sources by studying their rapidity densities dN/dy, yield ratios and transverse momentum (p T ) spectra just after the hadronization as well as at the final kinetic freeze-out. We find that: only very small fractions of d and 3 He are created just after the hadronization; nucleons from ∆ resonance decays make a much larger contribution to the regeneration of light nuclei at the hadronic phase stage, and this contribution takes about 79% and 92% for d and 3 He, respectively, observed at the final kinetic freeze-out. We also find that yield ratios d/p, 3 He/p and 3 He/d are good observables to probe contributions for light nuclei from different production sources, and provide a natural explanation for constant values of d/p and 3 He/p as a function of the averaged charged multiplicity measured by the ALICE Collaboration. PACS numbers: 25.75.Ag, 25.75.Dw, 25.75.-q I. INTRODUCTIONThe production of light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is of importance for many issues in nuclear physics and particle physics. It not only can help to understand the mechanism of cluster formation in the interior of the fireball of a heavy-ion collision but also can serve as an effective probe of the fireball freeze-out properties [1][2][3][4][5]. Experimental measurements of light nuclei have been extensively executed at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [6-10], at relatively low-energy collisions such as those obtained by the NA49 Collaboration at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) [11][12][13][14][15], and more recently at the very high energy reactions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [16][17][18][19]. An interesting phenomenon observed at LHC is that the ratio d/p in Pb-Pb collisions is larger by a factor of about 2.2 than that in pp collisions while ratios of identified hadrons such as p/π and Λ/K 0 S , etc., do not show significant differences between Pb-Pb and pp collisions [16,20]. Up to now, there is no satisfied understanding for such phenomenon.Presently, there are two kinds of production mechanisms used to describe light nucleus formation in theory. One is the thermal model [21][22][23] and the other is the recombination/coalescence model [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In the recombination/coalescence model, light nuclei can be formed by coalescence of nucleons produced just after the hadronization and/or those from resonance decays. Since the binding energies of light nuclei are very small (∼ a few MeV), final-state coalescence, i.e., nucleons recombining into light nuclei at a final stage of the hadronic phase evolution (at the final kinetic freeze-out), is commonly adopted in different recombination/coalescence models [28][29][30][31]. In fact, light nuclei can b...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different production sources of light nuclei inultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Wang

Shao

2019

Chinese Phys. C

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“…Nevertheless, the question that how well one can clone an unknown quantum state has been attracting much interest [2][3][4][5][6] since Bužek and Hillery first introduced the concept of approximate quantum cloning [7], because it can help us to find the quantum operation limit [8], measure the amount of radiated power [9], and is related to quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum cryptography (see e.g., [10][11][12]). According to whether or not ancillas are involved, quantum cloning is divided into two types, i.e., noneconomical cloning [2] and economical cloning [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Measurement Basis for Economical Phase-covariant Telecloning with Partially Entangled States

Jia

2011

Int J Theor Phys

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Recently, Wang and Yang (Phys. Rev. A 79:062315, 2009) presented a scheme for economical phase-covariant telecloning of qubits with W-class entangled states. For realizing probabilistically the suboptimal telecloning in the case that the sender's subsystem and the receivers' subsystem are partially entangled, they introduced a special two-qubit measurement basis. I here study the effects of the sender's different measurements on the fidelity of the clones in such a scheme, and obtain several interesting results. The most important result is that Bell-basis is the optimal measurement basis in terms of the average fidelity of the clones, although the special-basis measurement can lead to the suboptimal fidelity with a certain probability.

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“…[19][20][21] Recently it has been successfully extended to ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, and successfully describes various properties of the production of mesons and baryons. [16][17][18][22][23][24] The starting point of the model is a color singlet system which consists of constituent quarks and antiquarks. In the hadronization process, only adjacent quarks and/or antiquarks are coalesced with enough interaction time to form the colorless hadrons.…”

Section: A Brief Introduction To Quark Combination Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE STUDY OF ELLIPTIC FLOWS OF IDENTIFIED HADRONS IN Au + Au COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200~{\rm GeV}$ WITH A QUARK COMBINATION MODEL

Zhao

Han

Shao

2010

Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

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Hadron production by quark combination in centralPb+Pbcollisions atsNN=

Cited by 41 publications

References 65 publications

Different production sources of light nuclei inultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Different production sources of light nuclei inultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Optimal Measurement Basis for Economical Phase-covariant Telecloning with Partially Entangled States

THE STUDY OF ELLIPTIC FLOWS OF IDENTIFIED HADRONS IN Au + Au COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200~{\rm GeV}$ WITH A QUARK COMBINATION MODEL

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