1976
DOI: 10.2307/2063775
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Hacks, Blacks and Cons: Race Relations in a Maximum Security Prison.

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Cited by 4 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…While prison gangs triggered the attention of the first prison sociologists, this research field had a swinging fortune. For example, scholars like Carroll (1974) and Jacobs (1974) Other scholars indicate the lack of prison governance as the main factor for the rise, consolidation, and proliferation of criminal groups behind bars; in this sense, gangs become core in ensuring prison order and promoting the well-being of the prisoner community (Fong and Buentello 1991). Accordingly, Skarbek argues that "[w]hen prison officials can effectively protect inmates, they have less demand for gangs to do so" (2014: 66).…”
Section: Prison Gangs In the Uk: New Trend And Old Networkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While prison gangs triggered the attention of the first prison sociologists, this research field had a swinging fortune. For example, scholars like Carroll (1974) and Jacobs (1974) Other scholars indicate the lack of prison governance as the main factor for the rise, consolidation, and proliferation of criminal groups behind bars; in this sense, gangs become core in ensuring prison order and promoting the well-being of the prisoner community (Fong and Buentello 1991). Accordingly, Skarbek argues that "[w]hen prison officials can effectively protect inmates, they have less demand for gangs to do so" (2014: 66).…”
Section: Prison Gangs In the Uk: New Trend And Old Networkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Racial segregation and conflict between groups is considered an omnipresent facet of incarceration and one that guides social organization (Schaefer et al., 2017; Wacquant, 2000). This behavior can be informal, where incarcerated individuals voluntarily segregate themselves within their racial groups (Carroll, 1974). Reasons for voluntary self‐segregation are varied, from the need to compete for scarce resources to a desire to maintain a level of power and control within the institution (Irwin, 1980; Jacobs, 1979).…”
Section: Domains Of Prison Culturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…One view emphasizes the role of the incarcerated person (i.e., the prison code 1 ), characterized by not being a snitch, doing your own time, and never being too friendly with correctional officers (e.g., Clemmer, 1940;Sykes & Messinger, 1960). A separate view emphasizes the salience of race (i.e., the racial code), focusing attention on the presence of rules about race/ethnicity, such as being loyal to your race and segregating by race within an institution (Carroll, 1974;Skarbek, 2014Skarbek, , 2020. Overall, this body of scholarship has emphasized that a shared understanding exists among those in prison of how to behave as it pertains to these cultural domains.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A fekete és fehér rabok többé nem érintkeztek egymással: az étkező, a mozihelyiség vagy az udvar az elkülönülés terepeivé váltak, de immár nem az intézeti szabályok miatt (mint a "Nagy Házak" korában), hanem az elítéltek saját szabályai következtében. 10 A rassz a rabok közötti társas kapcsolatokat érvénytelenítő identitásjelzővé vált, és egyre nehezebbnek tűnt egy, a feketék és fehérek közötti társadalmi távolságon átívelni képes rabkódex működtetése (Carroll, 1988). -A rabok a reintegráció kudarcai és a rehabilitációs ideák melléktermékei következtében egyre elkeseredettebbé váltak (ismét visszakerült a börtönbe számos olyan elítélt, akik korábban részt vettek a kezelési programokon -világossá vált a "határozatlan idejű büntetések" koncepció működtetése során megnyilvánuló előítéletesség és elfogultság stb.).…”
Section: 1 Az áTalakulás(ok) Időszakaunclassified