Hack or Attack? Shamoon and the Evolution of Cyber Conflict

Cyber-attacks to critical energy infrastructure and management issues: overview of selected cases

“…The attack was probably brought out by an insider, someone who got access to users' credentials and gained access to the domain controller (Wuuest, 2014). Although it was compared to Stuxnet, the perpetrators were described as "skilled amateurs", because of the inferior level of competence and programming skills detected by the authorities (Bronk, 2013). The type of attack in consideration is APT (Advanced Persistent Threat), meaning that the attackers have found the password hashes of the administrative accounts and gained the access to higher levels of the system (Alshathry, 2017).…”

“…Saudi Aramco declared that, despite the wipe-out of data from the server, no physical disruption was recorded and the recovery of the company was complete (Alshathry, 2017). Nevertheless, the downtime of the organization's websites was recorded also after the declaration of complete recovery (Bronk, 2013).…”

O consumo no turismo de favelas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Uma análise da percepção e construção de valor entre o observador e o observado

“…Em agosto de 2012, a empresa nacional de petróleo e gás da Arábia Saudita, Saudi Arabian Oil Company, ou Saudi Aramco, sofreu um ataque cibernético através de um vírus de computador apelidado de Shamoon que infectou até 30.000 computadores de plataforma Windows operando dentro da rede corporativa da empresa (Bronk et al: 2013).…”

Electric Transmission—Security: US Electric Grid Under Cyberattack

“…The virus destroyed over 30,000 computers and disrupted oil and gas production for two weeks. 4 In a speech following the attack, then-Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta described the virus as the most destructive cyberattack against the business sector to date. 5 He warned that the United States could one day face a cyber Pearl Harbor.…”