Habituation Reveals Fundamental Chromatic Mechanisms in Striate Cortex of Macaque

Tailby, Chris; Solomon, Samuel G.; Dhruv, Neel T.; Lennie, Peter

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4682-07.2008

Cited by 51 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These effects were spatially specific but not tuned for stimulus orientation or spatiotemporal frequency and were attributed to retinal mechanisms. Finally, Tailby et al (2008) showed that adaptation with chromatically modulated stimuli can alter the color preference of V1 neurons, resulting in shifts in preference toward or away from the adapter, much like the effects we observed for orientation tuning. Each of these studies targets a distinct type of normalization signal with unique features and possibly a distinct origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This rule results in an increase in threshold (i.e., a hyperpolarization) that is largest for strongly driven cells adapted at their preferred orientation ( prefϭ ϭ adapt ) and a decrease in threshold for cells adapted far from their preferred orientation ( pref Ϫ adapt ϭ90°). A conceptually similar model has been proposed to explain color and contrast adaptation effects in V1, but with an emphasis on the interaction between the excitatory and suppressive mechanisms within the CRF (Dhruv et al 2011;Tailby et al 2008).…”

Section: General Methods Before Surgery Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Wissig

Kohn

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

105

145

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Wissig SC, Kohn A. The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 107: 3370-3384, 2012. First published March 14, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00739.2011.-Adaptation, the prolonged presentation of stimuli, has been used to probe mechanisms of visual processing in physiological, imaging, and perceptual studies. Previous neurophysiological studies have measured adaptation effects by using stimuli tailored to evoke robust responses in individual neurons. This approach provides an incomplete view of how an adapter alters the representation of sensory stimuli by a population of neurons with diverse functional properties. We implanted microelectrode arrays in primary visual cortex (V1) of macaque monkeys and measured orientation tuning and contrast sensitivity in populations of neurons before and after prolonged adaptation. Whereas previous studies in V1 have reported that adaptation causes stimulus-specific suppression of responsivity and repulsive shifts in tuning preference, we have found that adaptation can also lead to response facilitation and shifts in tuning toward the adapter. To explain this range of effects, we have proposed and tested a simple model that employs stimulus-specific suppression in both the receptive field and the spatial surround. The predicted effects on tuning depend on the relative drive provided by the adapter to these two receptive field components. Our data reveal that adaptation can have a much richer repertoire of effects on neuronal responsivity and tuning than previously considered and suggest an intimate mechanistic relationship between spatial and temporal contextual effects. orientation tuning; contrast sensitivity; spatial context; neurophysiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: General Methods Before Surgery Monkeys (Macaca Fascicularis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Wissig

Kohn

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

105

145

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“…Such cells reside in V1 at or near the arrival of geniculate signals into the cortex (Livingstone and Hubel, 1984). Physiological experiments in monkeys indicate this stage as a potential substrate for the cardinal mechanisms (Tailby et al, 2008). This is an attractive idea because it preserves a defining role of the two major populations of color-coding LGN cells in generating the cardinal mechanisms yet is consistent with a cortical implementation suggested by the multiple lines of evidence discussed here.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

“…Colors were defined by the Derrington-Krauskopf-Lennie (DKL) color space used in many psychophysical experiments in humans (Krauskopf et al, 1982(Krauskopf et al, , 1986Webster and Mollon, 1991;Gegenfurtner and Kiper, 1992;Hansen and Gegenfurtner, 2006) and physiological experiments in monkeys (Derrington et al, 1984;Lennie et al, 1990;Gegenfurtner et al, 1997;Tailby et al, 2008;Lafer-Sousa et al, 2012). The Judd-corrected Commission Internationale de l'É clairage xyY coordinates of all stimuli can be found at http://www.wellesley.edu/neuroscience/conway/stoughtonetal2012.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysical Chromatic Mechanisms in Macaque Monkey

et al. 2012

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Chromatic mechanisms have been studied extensively with psychophysical techniques in humans, but the number and nature of the mechanisms are still controversial. Appeals to monkey neurophysiology are often used to sort out the competing claims and to test hypotheses arising from the experiments in humans, but psychophysical chromatic mechanisms have never been assessed in monkeys. Here we address this issue by measuring color-detection thresholds in monkeys before and after chromatic adaptation, employing a standard approach used to determine chromatic mechanisms in humans. We conducted separate experiments using adaptation configured as either flickering full-field colors or heterochromatic gratings. Full-field colors would favor activity within the visual system at or before the arrival of retinal signals to V1, before the spatialtransformationofcolorsignalsbythecortex.Conversely,gratingswouldfavoractivitywithinthecortexwhereneuronsareoftensensitive tospatialchromaticstructure.Detectionthresholdswereselectivelyelevatedforthecolorsoffull-fieldadaptationwhenitmodulatedalongeither of the two cardinal chromatic axes that define cone-opponent color space [L vs M or S vs (L ϩ M)], providing evidence for two privileged cardinal chromatic mechanisms implemented early in the visual-processing hierarchy. Adaptation with gratings produced elevated thresholds for colors of the adaptation regardless of its chromatic makeup, suggesting a cortical representation comprised of multiple higher-order mechanisms each selective for a different direction in color space. The results suggest that color is represented by two cardinal channels early in the processing hierarchy and many chromatic channels in brain regions closer to perceptual readout.

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“…Contrast adaptation brings about a slow reduction in the responsivity of some retinal and LGN cells, and most neurons in visual cortex, that persists for several seconds after the removal of the adapting stimulus (Movshon and Lennie, 1979;Ohzawa et al, 1985;Sclar et al, 1985;Smirnakis et al, 1997;Brown and Masland, 2001; Chander and Chichilnisky, 2001; Baccus and Meister, 2002;Solomon et al, 2004;Duong and Freeman, 2007;Tailby et al, 2008). We distinguish the impact of this slow contrast adap-tation from that of contrast gain controls, which provide a rapid regulation of responsivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adaptable Mechanisms That Regulate the Contrast Response of Neurons in the Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Camp¹,

Tailby²,

Solomon³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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The response of the classical receptive field of visual neurons can be suppressed by stimuli that, when presented alone, cause no change in the discharge rate. This suppression reveals the presence of an extraclassical receptive field (ECRF). In recordings from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of a New World primate, the marmoset, we characterize the mechanisms that contribute to the ECRF by measuring their spatiotemporal tuning during prolonged exposure to a high-contrast grating (contrast adaptation). The ECRF was strongest in magnocellular cells, where contrast adaptation reduced suppression from the ECRF: adaptation of the ECRF transferred across spatial frequency, temporal frequency, and orientation, but not across space. This implies that the ECRF of LGN cells comprises multiple adaptable mechanisms, each broadly tuned but spatially localized, and consistent with a retinal origin. Signals from the ECRF saturated at high contrasts, and so adaptation of one part of the ECRF brought into its operating range signals from other parts of the visual field. Although the ECRF is adaptable, its major impact during contrast adaptation to a spatially extended pattern was to reduce visual response and hence reduce a neuron's susceptibility to contrast adaptation; in normal viewing, a major role of the ECRF might be to protect visual sensitivity in scenes dominated by high contrast.

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Habituation Reveals Fundamental Chromatic Mechanisms in Striate Cortex of Macaque

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

The influence of surround suppression on adaptation effects in primary visual cortex

Psychophysical Chromatic Mechanisms in Macaque Monkey

Adaptable Mechanisms That Regulate the Contrast Response of Neurons in the Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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