“…In the literature, one of the most debated distinctions in drug CR is the Bhigh-order CR^and Blow-order CR^di-chotomy (Tiffany, 1990; for a review, see Tiffany & Wray, 2012). The high-order CR phenomenon is mediated by the ventral striatum (i.e., non-automatic, conscious, sequential, and slow phenomena; David et al, 2005), as opposed to the low-order CR phenomenon, mediated by the dorsal striatum (i.e., automatic, non-conscious, parallel, and fast phenomena; McClernon, Kozink, Lutz, & Rose, 2009; for reviews, see Barker & Taylor, 2014;Everitt & Robbins, 2005;Wilson, Sayette, & Fiez, 2004). This view hypothesizes that the progression from use to abuse and then dependence may be characterized as the transition from voluntary to habitual and progressively compulsive drug use.…”