Hábitos alimentares de peixes consumidores secundários do Canal de santa Cruz, Pernambuco, Brasil

Abstract

Estudos sobre hábitos alimentares de espécies de peixes carnívoros de segunda ordem que ocorrem no sistema de Itamaracá, Pernambuco (Brasil) foram realizados para se obter uma visão sobre as relações tróficas entre eles e as comunidades bióticas de outros compartimentos. As capturas dos peixes para a análise do conteúdo estomacal foram realizadas mensalmente no Canal de Santa Cruz, no período de 1995 e 1998. As coletas foram realizadas com redes de arrasto do tipo “mangote” utilizando embarcação tipo baiteira. Os peixes carnívoros de segunda ordem estudados classificaram-se como marinhos visitantes no estágio juvenil no total de 14 espécies. Dentre os carnívoros de segunda ordem destacaram-se em abundância: Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758), Citharichthys spilopterus Günther, 1862, Symphurus plagusia Bloch & Schneider, 1801 e Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). O total de 1349 estômagos estudados evidenciaram que os crustáceos foram os mais freqüentes nos conteúdos estomacais, ocorrendo em cerca de 90% das amostras analisadas. Muitos peixes se alimentam tanto no bentos como no pélagos, sendo importantes elos entre estes dois sistemas. Os resultados revelam que o Canal de Santa Cruz é um ecossistema onde ocorre grande armazenamento de energia sustentando diversas populações de peixes. Apesar dos múltiplos impactos antrópicos na área a composição itens alimentares sugerem um hábitat preservado capaz de sustentar populações de peixes. Palavras chave: conteúdo estomacal, peixes, estuário tropical, consumidores secundaríos

Trophic structure of a nektobenthic community exploited by a multispecific bottom trawling fishery in Northeastern Brazil

“…Although the Brazilian northeastern coast covers an extensive area and encompasses a wide range of environments, few studies of coastal trophic structure have been carried out, often focusing only on describing qualitatively and quantitatively the diet [ 47 – 50 ], and in the functioning of the ecosystem [ 51 – 53 ]. Even of great importance, the probable effect of the “disturbance” in the trophic web by fishing, especially those with high impact in the ecosystem (e.g., bottom trawling), has never been focused.…”

Trophic ecology of the juveniles of two jack species (Caranx latus and C. hippos) in contrasted tropical estuaries

“…Indeed, although prey abundance was never directly assessed in any of the three estuaries studied, previous work concluded that Santa Cruz is that with the greatest fauna biodiversity in the area (Silva-Júnior et al, 2017). In particular, it sustains a wide variety of secondary consumers (Vasconcelos Filho et al, 2010;Ferreira, 2018), many of which are prey for juvenile jacks. In this rich environment, both C. latus and C. hippos juveniles occur at higher densities than in other estuaries Araújo, 2010, Silva-Júnior et al, 2017).…”

“…The yearlings of the two species are found in a broad range of inshore and coastal habitats along the Brazilian coast (Figueiredo and Menezes, 1980;Paiva and Araújo, 2010), and information regarding their trophic ecology in estuaries is particularly scarce (e.g. Vasconcelos Filho et al, 2010;Medeiros et al, 2017).…”

“…To avoid competition for food and optimize energy acquisition, sympatric species usually tend to partition resources at multiple scales (Schoener, 1974;Losos, 2000). However, C. latus and C. hippos not only have similar body shapes and lengths, but they are also both reported to feed mainly on fish and crustaceans (Hofling et al, 1998;Smith-Vaniz, 2002;Vasconcelos Filho et al, 2010). Therefore, they might have similar uses of estuarine resources and their co-occurrence in certain estuaries might result in an interspecific competition for food, with potentially high consequences in terms of local fisheries production.…”

Natural Products from Ethnodirected Studies: Revisiting the Ethnobiology of the Zombie Poison

“…This species, like others from the family Tetraodontidae, can as, a defense mechanism, inflate its body through ingestion of water or air. It feeds mainly on crustaceans, mollusks, plants, and invertebrates [ 205 ]. It reproduces by external fertilization in open waters by placing eggs on substrates and has a mean total length of 13 cm at sexual maturity [ 206 ].…”