Habitat Use of the Tuxedo Darter (<i>Etheostoma lemniscatum</i>) at Macrohabitat and Microhabitat Spatial Sclaes

Davis, Johnathan G.; Cook, S. Bradford

doi:10.1080/02705060.2010.9664374

Cited by 4 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Less than ~25% of the river is this depth or shallower (McConkey, ); thus, this specialist species may occupy less than 25% of the total area available in its environment. It utilizes this habitat year round for both feeding and spawning, so dispersal into different breeding habitats is not expected (Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its specific microhabitat is patchily distributed and separated by deep pools that can be over 1 km long and up to 15 m deep (Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ; McConkey, ). These pools may limit movement among patches, as no E. lemniscatum have been observed in these habitats (Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ). Also, there is an 11.7 km stream reach where few historical localities exist, and the presence of E. lemniscatum is rare (Blanton & Jenkins, ; Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pools may limit movement among patches, as no E. lemniscatum have been observed in these habitats (Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ). Also, there is an 11.7 km stream reach where few historical localities exist, and the presence of E. lemniscatum is rare (Blanton & Jenkins, ; Davis & Cook, ; Eisenhour & Burr, ). This reach coincides with an area where the Big South Fork narrows significantly, changing the geomorphology and creating a long series of rapids where little to no optimal habitat for E. lemniscatum occurs (Eisenhour & Burr, ; Phillips et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It F I G U R E 1 A male Tuxedo Darter (Etheostoma lemniscatum) in breeding coloration (photograph by Matthew R. Thomas) has several features associated with limited dispersal ability: it is a small-bodied, benthic darter (Knouft & Page, 2003) that lacks a swim bladder (Page, 1983), has high reproductive investment (Turner & Trexler, 1998), demersal eggs laid on the undersides of rocks (Eisenhour & Burr, 2000), and benthic larvae (Douglas et al, 2013;Wallus & Simon, 2005). Etheostoma lemniscatum is a habitat specialist of shallow, slow-moving water with cobble or slab-rock substrate, generally located adjacent to and upstream of riffles, and is typically found at depths less than 1 m (Davis & Cook, 2010;Eisenhour & Burr, 2000). Less than ~25% of the river is this depth or shallower (McConkey, 2010); thus, this specialist species may occupy less than 25% of the total area available in its environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It utilizes this habitat year round for both feeding and spawning, so dispersal into different breeding habitats is not expected (Davis & Cook, 2010;Eisenhour & Burr, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small fish, large river: Surprisingly minimal genetic structure in a dispersal‐limited, habitat specialist fish

Washburn

Cashner

Blanton

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Genetic connectivity is expected to be lower in species with limited dispersal ability and a high degree of habitat specialization (intrinsic factors). Also, gene flow is predicted to be limited by habitat conditions such as physical barriers and geographic distance (extrinsic factors). We investigated the effects of distance, intervening pools, and rapids on gene flow in a species, the Tuxedo Darter (Etheostoma lemniscatum), a habitat specialist that is presumed to be dispersal‐limited. We predicted that the interplay between these intrinsic and extrinsic factors would limit dispersal and lead to genetic structure even at the small spatial scale of the species range (a 38.6 km river reach). The simple linear distribution of E. lemniscatum allowed for an ideal test of how these factors acted on gene flow and allowed us to test expectations (e.g., isolation‐by‐distance) of linearly distributed species. Using 20 microsatellites from 163 individuals collected from 18 habitat patches, we observed low levels of genetic structure that were related to geographic distance and rapids, though these factors were not barriers to gene flow. Pools separating habitat patches did not contribute to any observed genetic structure. Overall, E. lemniscatum maintains gene flow across its range and is comprised of a single population. Due to the linear distribution of the species, a stepping‐stone model of dispersal best explains the maintenance of gene flow across its small range. In general, our observation of higher‐than‐expected connectivity likely stems from an adaptation to disperse due to temporally unstable and patchy habitat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It utilizes this habitat year round for both feeding and spawning, so dispersal into different breeding habitats is not expected (Davis & Cook, 2010;Eisenhour & Burr, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small fish, large river: Surprisingly minimal genetic structure in a dispersal‐limited, habitat specialist fish

Washburn

Cashner

Blanton

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Development of Habitat Suitability Indices for the Candy Darter, with Cross‐Scale Validation across Representative Populations

Dunn

Angermeier

2016

Trans Am Fish Soc

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Understanding relationships between habitat associations for individuals and habitat factors that limit populations is a primary challenge for managers of stream fishes. Although habitat use by individuals can provide insight into the adaptive significance of selected microhabitats, not all habitat parameters will be significant at the population level, particularly when distributional patterns partially result from habitat degradation. We used underwater observation to quantify microhabitat selection by an imperiled stream fish, the Candy Darter Etheostoma osburni, in two streams with robust populations. We developed multiple‐variable and multiple‐life‐stage habitat suitability indices (HSIs) from microhabitat selection patterns and used them to assess the suitability of available habitat in streams where Candy Darter populations were extirpated, localized, or robust. Next, we used a comparative framework to examine relationships among (1) habitat availability across streams, (2) projected habitat suitability of each stream, and (3) a rank for the likely long‐term viability (robustness) of the population inhabiting each stream. Habitat selection was characterized by ontogenetic shifts from the low‐velocity, slightly embedded areas used by age‐0 Candy Darters to the swift, shallow areas with little fine sediment and complex substrate, which were used by adults. Overall, HSIs were strongly correlated with population rank. However, we observed weak or inverse relationships between predicted individual habitat suitability and population robustness for multiple life stages and variables. The results demonstrated that microhabitat selection by individuals does not always reflect population robustness, particularly when based on a single life stage or season, which highlights the risk of generalizing habitat selection that is observed during nonstressful periods or for noncritical resources. These findings suggest that stream fish managers may need to be cautious when implementing conservation measures based solely on observations of habitat selection by individuals and that detailed study at the individual and population levels may be necessary to identify habitat that limits populations. Received March 30, 2016; accepted July 19, 2016Published online October 7, 2016

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Testing the Utility of an Adaptive Cluster Sampling Method for Monitoring a Rare and Imperiled Darter

Davis

Cook

Smith

2011

N American J Fish Manag

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Adaptive cluster sampling (ACS) designs were tested against simple random sampling (SRS) designs to determine whether ACS designs were more suitable sampling protocols for monitoring rare fish species. To test the utility of these designs, baseline data on the tuxedo darter Etheostoma lemniscatum (a rare, federally endangered fish) were collected at three sites on the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and used in computer simulation of ACS designs. Based on the simulation models, five ACS designs were chosen and tested at 13 potential monitoring sites. In terms of efficiency, ACS designs performed better than SRS designs, providing estimates with smaller standard errors. Adaptive cluster sampling design efficiency increased with effort; therefore, the two goals-minimizing effort and maximizing accuracy-are incompatible. Because it had less error, an inverse ACS design was recommended, although it required more sampling effort than other designs. Factors possibly affecting overall design performance include the sample size, neighborhood configuration, and habitat complexity of sampling sites. This study was the first to implement ACS for rare and endangered stream-dwelling fishes and provided methodologies for pilot testing and selecting appropriate ACS designs for an imperiled fish species. Adaptive cluster sampling designs are best suited for monitoring imperiled fishes that exhibit a more-clustered spatial distribution. Population estimates from ACS designs using underwater observation provide quantitative data from standardized protocols that are applicable to long-term monitoring of imperiled fishes.Current extinction rates are estimated to be greater than background extinction rates (May et al. 1995), and freshwater fauna are disappearing from ecosystems at an alarming rate (Ricciardi and Rasmussen 1999). Furthermore, a large percentage of imperiled species in Tennessee are small, native minnows and darters (Etnier and Starnes 1993), which are currently threatened by impoundment, various land use practices (i.e., agriculture, urbanization, and deforestation), invasive species, poor water quality, and overharvesting, in the case of larger species (Richter et al. 1997). Sampling designs that reduce variation within estimates of rare and endangered species can pro-

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Habitat Use of the Tuxedo Darter (Etheostoma lemniscatum) at Macrohabitat and Microhabitat Spatial Sclaes

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Small fish, large river: Surprisingly minimal genetic structure in a dispersal‐limited, habitat specialist fish

Small fish, large river: Surprisingly minimal genetic structure in a dispersal‐limited, habitat specialist fish

Development of Habitat Suitability Indices for the Candy Darter, with Cross‐Scale Validation across Representative Populations

Testing the Utility of an Adaptive Cluster Sampling Method for Monitoring a Rare and Imperiled Darter

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