Habitat Use and Movements of Repatriated Wyoming Toads

Parker, Joshua

doi:10.2307/3802784

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We calculated percent cover (basal and canopy) by identifying plant types (e.g., grasses, rushes, forbs, sedges, bulrushes) at each 10‐cm mark along 3 line transects 2.91 m apart. We measured average vegetation height and soil moisture (relative scale: dry, moist, saturated, and standing water; Parker and Anderson ) every 50 cm along transects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors limiting early life stage survival and growth during endangered Wyoming toad reintroductions

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the limiting factors of recovery is essential for guiding sound management of endangered species. The Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) is a critically endangered amphibian whose cause of decline and inability to reestablish breeding populations despite early life stage reintroductions remains unknown; habitat degradation and the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) are 2 potential contributing factors. In 2013, we experimentally tested the effects of habitat factors under foodsupplemented and predator-protected conditions (i.e., mesh field enclosures) on time to metamorphosis, the proportion of tadpoles that metamorphosed, tadpole and toadlet size, the proportion of toadlets remaining in enclosures at release (approx. 1 month post-metamorphosis), and Bd prevalence in early life stages of Wyoming toads at Mortenson Lake National Wildlife Refuge. In 2014, we tested the effects of small-scale application of vegetation height management on toadlet size, the proportion of toadlets that remained, and Bd prevalence until 1 month post-metamorphosis. In 2013, median time to metamorphosis (25.5 days) was shorter in warmer water temperatures and proportion of tadpoles that metamorphosed was 0.70. In 2013, toadlet size was positively related to forb cover up to 35% and although overall treatment effect was not significant, mid-vegetation height treatments (10-30 cm) had fewer small toadlets at release than short (0-10 cm) and tall (>30 cm) vegetation heights. In 2014, vegetation height treatment (11.49-31.6 cm) had marginal support for estimating larger size at release. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was not detected in water samples or on post-metamorphic toadlets. Our results suggest that in mesh field enclosures, time to metamorphosis is shorter in warm water. In addition, vegetation heights of 10-30 cm and up to 35% forb cover within terrestrial mesh enclosures could increase Wyoming toad post-metamorphic size, which could increase overwinter survival rates. Using mesh field enclosures for soft-release may improve the effectiveness of early life stage reintroduction efforts, but predator attraction and density-dependent growth need to be considered. Habitat management can also influence growth and survival of early life stages of amphibians and may benefit reintroduction efforts for other species. Ó 2015 The Wildlife Society.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors limiting early life stage survival and growth during endangered Wyoming toad reintroductions

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, by the mid-1970s, a major decline in population numbers had occurred, and the species was near extinction by the early 1980s (Lewis et al, 1985). In 1994, the remaining population was captured to establish a captive breeding program, which led to their repatriation to Mortenson Lake, in the Laramie Basin (Parker and Anderson, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatitis in Captive Wyoming Toads (Bufo Baxteri) Associated With Fusarium Spp.

Perpiñán¹,

Trupkiewicz²,

Armbrust

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

of 49 Wyoming toads (Bufo baxteri) kept at Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo (Nebraska, USA) died showing clinical signs of ventral erythema, inappetance, lethargy, and delayed righting reflex. Treatment with antifungals and antibiotics was unsuccessful in all cases. Histopathologic analyses revealed dermatitis as the primary problem in 20 of 21 toads in which skin was examined. Fungal dermatitis was present in 17 toads, with hyphae approximately 1-3 mm in diameter, and parallel cell walls and frequent septations. In 14 animals, the fungal dermatitis was the main pathologic lesion. Several species of bacteria were associated with all cases. A few animals tested positive for Ranavirus using polymerase chain reaction. Fusarium sp. was consistently cultured from skin, feces, kidneys, and from powdered food provided to crickets. Four isolates were identified as Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium verticillioides, which suggested a secondary role of fungi. A specific underlying cause of disease could not be found, although the roles of humidity and Ranavirus infection are discussed, along with the well-known susceptibility of bufonids to fungal dermatitis.

show abstract

“…Biological problems, including a precipitous decline in population numbers in the early 1990s and the presence of a lethal fungus (Jennings et al 2001), have made study difficult and reintroduction an equivocal proposition. Since listing, there have been only four formal studies of the Wyoming toad: two theses (Withers 1992, Parker 2000, Parker and Anderson 2003, a three-year (1990)(1991)(1992) project by the USFWS (Corn 1993, Odum and, and a pilot study (Muths and Dreitz 2003). Only the study by Muths and Dreitz (2003) provided guidelines for monitoring the reintroduction of captive-reared toads.…”

Section: Considerations For Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parker (2000) and Parker and Anderson (2003) compared the use of habitat by adult wild Wyoming toads and captivereared Wyoming toads using radio telemetry in 1998 and 1999. Because there was no reproduction at MLNWR from 1992 to 1998, toads described as "wild" were most likely individuals reintroduced in 1996 or 1997.…”

Section: Forummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reproduction by Wyoming toads was recorded at MLNWR in 1988 (Freda et al 1988), but the number of egg masses declined until no reproduction was observed after 1991 (Parker 2000, Parker and Anderson 2003, Odum and Corn 2005. By 1993, the few toads that could be found were collected from MLNWR for captive breeding, and the Wyoming toad was considered extinct in the wild (Odum and Corn 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation