Habitat selection by a marine copepod during the productive season in the Subarctic

Basedow, Sünnje Linnéa; Tande, Kurt S.; Stige, Leif Christian

doi:10.3354/meps08754

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The SSL and Chl a max are found within the pycnocline (Fig. 4 ), a phenomenon that has been previously observed ( Basedow et al ., 2010 ; Dekshenieks et al , 2001 ; Holliday et al , 2010 ) and used for modelling the vertical migration of copepods ( Wallace et al , 2013 ). Consequently, we interpret the consistent observation of surface SSLs at night as being zooplankton targeting the enhanced concentration of phytoplankton within the pycnocline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton

Berge

Cottier

Varpe

et al. 2014

Journal of Plankton Research

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Diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton is a global phenomenon, characteristic of both marine and limnic environments. At high latitudes, patterns of DVM have been documented, but rather little knowledge exists regarding which species perform this ecologically important behaviour. Also, in the Arctic, the vertically migrating components of the zooplankton community are usually regarded as a single sound scattering layer (SSL) performing synchronized patterns of migration directly controlled by ambient light. Here, we present evidence for hitherto unknown complexity of Arctic marine systems, where zooplankton form multiple aggregations through the water column seen via acoustics as distinct SSLs. We show that while the initiation of DVM during the autumnal equinox is light mediated, the vertical positioning of the migrants during day is linked more to the thermal characteristics of water masses than to irradiance. During night, phytoplankton biomass is shown to be the most important factor determining the vertical positioning of all migrating taxa. Further, we develop a novel way of representing acoustic data in the form of a Sound Image (SI) that enables a direct comparison of the relative importance of each potential scatterer based upon the theoretical contribution of their backscatter. Based on our comparison of locations with contrasting hydrography, we conclude that a continued warming of the Arctic is likely to result in more complex ecotones across the Arctic marine system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton

Berge

Cottier

Varpe

et al. 2014

Journal of Plankton Research

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“…C. finmarchicus populations tend to propagate seasonally along and across the shelf break in northern Norway and appear to colonize the mid‐Norwegian shelf by utilizing cross‐slope currents (Falkenhaug et al., 1997; Halvorsen & Tande, 1999; Slagstad & Tande, 1996). The importance of C. finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea has led to investigations of the physical‐biological interactions in the upper ocean, including the role of mesoscale circulations in the habitat, horizontal transport and vertical distributions of zooplankton in the Norwegian Sea (Basedow et al., 2010; Fossheim et al., 2005; Gaardsted et al., 2010; Skarðhamar et al., 2007; Zhou et al., 2009). However, there still is an urgent need to quantitatively study the mechanisms contributing to the formation of C. finmarchicus aggregations on continental shelves and exchanges of populations between shelf and oceanic regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Barriers and the Retention of Calanus finmarchicus on the Lofoten Shelf in Early Spring

Dong

Zhou

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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Large aggregations of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus occur each spring in the shelf‐slope‐oceanic regions off the Lofoten‐Vesterålen Islands where productive fisheries have traditionally supported local economies. The retention and off‐shelf transport of populations of C. finmarchicus populations were studied by analyzing ocean color remote sensing, satellite altimetry data, and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) between 2010 and 2019. Our analysis revealed the existence of a transport barrier reoccurring at the shelf break that retains C. finmarchicus on the shelf for 30–70 days in the spring when C. finmarchicus were seasonally ascending to the surface layer. The analysis of baroclinic and barotropic energy conversions indicated that the topographically steered Norwegian Atlantic Current is the primary mechanism in the formation of the transport barrier, which restricts exchanges of C. finmarchicus populations between shelf and oceanic waters. In the mid‐ to late April, an increase in baroclinicity leads to an increase in mesoscale eddies generated on the shelf break near Lofoten‐Vesterålen Islands, breaking down transport barriers and causing off‐shelf transport of C. finmarchicus. The transport barrier predictably reoccurs in early spring which supports the entrapment of C. finmarchicus in the shelf region.

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“…Although vertical distributions of Calanus spp. appear to be associated with food availability (chlorophyll a distributions) in spring (Herman 1983, Søreide et al 2008, Basedow et al 2010, it is less well-studied for the rest of the year. Compared to herbi vores, Arctic carnivorous and omnivorous zooplankton rely to a greater extent on a year-round food supply (Hagen 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal vertical strategies in a high-Arctic coastal zooplankton community

Bandara¹,

Varpe²,

Søreide³

et al. 2016

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We studied the larger (>1000 µm) size fraction of zooplankton in an Arctic coastal water community in Billefjorden, Svalbard (78°40' N), Norway, in order to describe seasonal vertical distributions of the dominant taxa in relation to environmental variability. Calanus spp. numerically dominated the herbivores; Aglantha digitale, Mertensia ovum, Beroë cucumis, and Parasagitta elegans were the dominant carnivores. Omnivores and detritivores were numerically less important. Descent to deeper regions of the water column (>100 m) between August and October, and ascent to the shallower region (<100 m) between November and May was the overall seasonal pattern in this zooplankton community. In contrast to other groups, P. elegans did not exhibit pronounced vertical migrations. Seasonal vertical distributions of most species showed statistical associations with the availability of their main food source. The vertical distribution of later developmental stages of Calanus spp. was inversely associated with fluorescence, indicating that they descended from the shallower region while it was still relatively productive, and ascended before the primary production had started to increase. Strong associations between the vertical distributions of secondary consumer M. ovum and Calanus spp., and tertiary consumer B. cucumis and M. ovum indicated that these carnivores seasonally followed their prey through the water column. We conclude that seasonal vertical migrations are a widespread trait in the high Arctic community studied, and predator−prey interactions seem particularly central in shaping the associations between the seasonal vertical strategies of adjacent trophic levels.

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Habitat selection by a marine copepod during the productive season in the Subarctic

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton

Arctic complexity: a case study on diel vertical migration of zooplankton

Transport Barriers and the Retention of Calanus finmarchicus on the Lofoten Shelf in Early Spring

Seasonal vertical strategies in a high-Arctic coastal zooplankton community

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