Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three‐spined stickleback

Eriksson, Britas Klemens; Yanos, Casey; Bourlat, Sarah J.; Donadi, Serena; Fontaine, Michaël C.; Hansen, Joakim P.; Jakubavičiūtė, Eglė; Kiragosyan, Karine; Maan, Martine E.; Merilä, Juha; Austin, Åsa N.; Olsson, Jens; Reiss, Katrin; Sundblad, Göran; Bergström, Ulf; Eklöf, Johan

doi:10.1002/ecs2.3561

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…However, evidence from otolith microchemistry studies suggests that at least those Baltic Sea sticklebacks hatched in freshwater tend to return to their place of birth to spawn (Eesti Mereinstituut, 2017). There is also some evidence of local adaption to variation in salinity, temperature and potentially also predation pressure and pollution levels (Lind and Grahn, 2011;De-Faveri et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2015;Jakubaviči ūte et al, 2018;Eriksson et al, 2021;Yanos et al, 2021). Further, the Baltic Sea stickleback shows spatial variation in size and condition, with fish in the Bothnian Sea generally being larger than those in the Baltic Proper (Bergström et al, 2015;Jakubaviči ūte et al, 2018;Olsson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Population Structure and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change: the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback

Olin

Olsson

Eklöf

et al. 2022

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Under rapid environmental change, opportunistic species may exhibit dramatic increases in response to the altered conditions, and can in turn have large impacts on the ecosystem. One such species is the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which has shown substantial increases in several aquatic systems in recent decades. Here, we review the population development of the stickleback in the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water ecosystem subject to rapid environmental change. Current evidence points to predatory release being the central driver of the population increases observed in some areas, while both eutrophication and climate change have likely contributed to creating more favourable conditions for the stickleback. The increasing stickleback densities have had profound effects on coastal ecosystem function by impairing the recruitment of piscivorous fish and enhancing the effects of eutrophication through promoting the production of filamentous algae. The increase poses a challenge for both environmental management and fisheries, where a substantial interest from the pelagic fisheries fleet in exploiting the species calls for urgent attention. While significant knowledge gaps remain, we suggest that the case of the Baltic Sea stickleback increase provides generalisable lessons of value for understanding and managing other coastal ecosystems under rapid change.

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Section: Population Structure and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change: the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback

Olin

Olsson

Eklöf

et al. 2022

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…Increased knowledge about the demographic history of G. aculeatus in southern California also lays the groundwork for understanding how these fish have adaptively responded to selection, as the evolutionary potential of populations may rely on their pre‐existing genetic variation (Barrett et al, 2008 ; Jones et al, 2012 ; Lai et al, 2019 ). Pre‐existing variation may be key to understanding the complete loss of body armour, a rare condition in G. aculeatus worldwide that could be related to the absence of predators, as it has been extensively documented in the transition from armoured to low armoured morphs (e.g., Eriksson et al, 2021 ; Paccard et al, 2018 ; Reimchen, 1994 ; Wasserman et al, 2020 , and references therein). However, whether the unarmoured condition is driven by predation or lack thereof remains unresolved (Reimchen, 1994 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic structure and historic demography of endangered unarmoured threespine stickleback at southern latitudes signals a potential new management approach

et al. 2022

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Habitat loss, flood control infrastructure, and drought have left most of southern California and northern Baja California's native freshwater fish near extinction, including the endangered unarmoured threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni). This subspecies, an unusual morph lacking the typical lateral bony plates of the G. aculeatus complex, occurs at arid southern latitudes in the eastern Pacific Ocean and survives in only three inland locations. Managers have lacked molecular data to answer basic questions about the ancestry and genetic distinctiveness of unarmoured populations. These data could be used to prioritize conservation efforts.We sampled G. aculeatus from 36 localities and used microsatellites and whole genome data to place unarmoured populations within the broader evolutionary context of G. aculeatus across southern California/northern Baja California. We identified three genetic groups with none consisting solely of unarmoured populations. Unlike G. aculeatus at northern latitudes, where Pleistocene glaciation has produced similar historical demographic profiles across populations, we found markedly different demographics depending on sampling location, with inland unarmoured populations showing steeper population declines and lower heterozygosity compared to low armoured populations in coastal lagoons. One exception involved the only high elevation population in the region, where the demography and alleles of unarmoured fish were similar to low armoured populations near the coast, exposing one of several cases of artificial translocation. Our results suggest that the current "managementby-phenotype" approach, based on lateral plates, is incidentally protecting the most imperilled populations; however, redirecting efforts toward evolutionary units, regardless of phenotype, may more effectively preserve adaptive potential.

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“…Two of the models are from published papers, while the third method has been developed as part of this study. The first of the published models describes changes in the abundance of perch and stickelback over time (Eriksson et al 2021), while the second one estimates changes in the areal extent of fish reproduction areas dominated by predatory fish (Eklöf et al 2020). The new model quantifies changes in the areal extent of potential recruitment areas of perch and pike over time.…”

Section: Sammanfattningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiggens påverkan på rekryteringsområden för abborre och gädda i Östersjön

Bergström¹,

Erlandsson²

2022

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Storspigg har visat sig ha en negativ påverkan på rekryteringen av rovfiskar längs Östersjökusten, framför allt gädda och abborre, genom predation på ägg och larver. Detta leder till minskade rovfiskbestånd i kustzonen och en förlust av viktiga ekosystemfunktioner. I den här studien har vi kvantifierat omfattningen av denna störning med hjälp av rumslig och statistisk modellering där vi undersöker hur utbredning och abundans av rovfiskens reproduktionsområden förändrats över tid. I analyserna nyttjar vi data från de omfattande undersökningar av kustfiskens reproduktion längs ostkusten som gjorts med hjälp av tryckvåg från slutet av 1970-talet och framåt. Vi har tillämpat tre olika analysmetoder för att skatta förändringen i reproduktionsområden, i syfte att få en uppfattning om spannet i uppskattningarna. Vi har nyttjat två modeller från redan publicerade vetenskapliga artiklar, och även utvecklat en ny modell. Den ena av de två publicerade modellerna beskriver utvecklingen i täthet abborre och spigg över tid (Eriksson m fl 2021), medan den andra beskriver utvecklingen av ytor med rovfiskdominans (Eklöf m fl 2020). Den nyutvecklade modellen beskriver i sin tur förändringar i ytan lämpliga reproduktionsområden för abborre och gädda. De olika analyserna har i någon mån varierande geografisk täckning, som mest omfattande kuststräckan från norra Skåne län till södra Gävleborgs län. Sammantaget visar analyserna på betydande nedgångar i reproduktionen av abborre och gädda längs centrala Östersjökusten de senaste 30-40 åren. Resultaten visar att ytan fungerande reproduktionsområden för abborre och gädda minskat med i storleksordningen 40-65%, medan tätheten abborryngel kan ha minskat med så mycket som 80 %. Det är framför allt tidigare mycket produktiva rekryteringsområden för abborre och gädda längs öppna kuststräckor och i mellan- och ytterskärgårdar som gått förlorade. De tydliga sambanden mellan spigg och rekrytering av abborre och gädda indikerar att spiggen har varit en starkt bidragande orsak till nedgången, och framför allt att spiggen sannolikt blockerar en återkomst av abborre och gädda till områden där reproduktionen slagits ut. Förlusten av lokala rovfiskbestånd i skärgårdarna har en negativ påverkan inte bara på fisket, utan minskar även kustekosystemets förmåga att motstå de negativa effekterna av övergödning. En angelägen fråga för kommande forskning är att förstå mekanismerna bakom den dramatiska spiggökningen, och att identifiera metoder för att stärka reproduktionen och återetablera bestånd av abborre och gädda i de störda områdena.

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Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three‐spined stickleback

Abstract: of. 2021. Habitat segregation of plate phenotypes in a rapidly expanding population of three-spined stickleback. Ecosphere 12(6):e03561.

Cited by 8 publications

References 102 publications

Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change: the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback

Increases of opportunistic species in response to ecosystem change: the case of the Baltic Sea three-spined stickleback

Genetic structure and historic demography of endangered unarmoured threespine stickleback at southern latitudes signals a potential new management approach

Spiggens påverkan på rekryteringsområden för abborre och gädda i Östersjön

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