Habitat matching and spatial heterogeneity of phenotypes: implications for metapopulation and metacommunity functioning

Jacob, Staffan; Bestion, Elvire; Legrand, Delphine; Clobert, Jean; Côté, Julien

doi:10.1007/s10682-015-9776-5

Cited by 80 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…As a further caution, we note that recent studies have suggested that rapid evolution of predator–prey systems may occur in laboratory studies and in nature, altering predator–prey dynamics (Hiltunen et al ). Such changes may then allow phenotypes to move to, and remain in, optimal fragments, following the ‘habitat matching’ hypothesis (Jacob et al ). Our work, however, was conducted on asexually reproducing, clonal populations that were sufficiently small to reduce the likelihood that species evolved over the ∼ 30 d incubations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial extinction or persistence: landscape‐temperature interactions perturb predator–prey dynamics

Salt

Bulit²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

Ecography

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Recognising that species interact across a range of spatial scales, we explore how landscape structure interacts with temperature to influence persistence. Specifically, we recognise that few studies indicate thermal shifts as the proximal cause of species extinctions; rather, species interactions exacerbated by temperature result in extinctions. Using microcosm‐based experiments, as models of larger landscape processes, we test hypotheses that would be problematic to address through field work. A text‐book predator–prey system (the ciliates Didinium and Paramecium) was used to compare three landscapes: an unfragmented landscape subjected to uniform temperatures (10, 20, 30°C); a fragmented landscape (potentially hosting metapopulations) subjected to these three temperatures; and a fragmented landscape subjected to a spatial temperature gradient (∼ 10 to 30°C) – despite the prevalence of natural temperature ecoclines this is the first time such an analysis has been conducted. Initial thermal response‐analysis (growth, mortality, and movement measured between 10 and 30°C) suggested that as temperature increased, the predator might drive the prey to extinction. Thermal preferences (measured at 5 temperatures between 10 and 30°C), indicated that both predator and prey preferred warmer temperatures, with the predator exhibiting the stronger preference, suggesting that cooler regions might act as a prey‐refuge. The landscape level observations, however, did not entirely support the predictions. First, in the unfragmented landscape, increased temperature led to extinctions, but at the highest temperature (where the predator growth can be reduced) the prey survived. Second, at high temperatures the fragmented landscape failed to host metapopulations that would allow predator–prey persistence. Third, the thermal ecocline did not provide heterogeneity that improved stability; rather it forced both species to occupy a smaller realized space, leading toward extinctions. These findings reveal that temperature‐impacted rates and temperature preferences combine to drive predator–prey dynamics and persistence across landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial extinction or persistence: landscape‐temperature interactions perturb predator–prey dynamics

Salt

Bulit²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

Ecography

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“…The phenotypic signature of dispersing individuals can strongly affect metapopulation and metacommunity processes at ecological time scales (Jacob et al , Shima et al , Laroche et al ). Individual phenotypic variation in size contributed for instance more to population dynamics than environmental fluctuations in several mammal species (Ezard et al ).…”

Section: Consequences – Condition Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history

Bonte

Dahirel

2016

Oikos

181

194

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International audienceThe study of tradeoffs among major life history components (age at maturity, lifespan and reproduction) allowed the development of a quantitative framework to understand how environmental variation shapes patterns of biodiversity among and within species. Because every environment is inherently spatially structured, and in most cases temporally variable, individuals need to move within and among habitats to maximize fitness. Dispersal is often assumed to be tightly integrated into life histories through genetic correlations with other vital traits. This assumption is particularly strong within the context of a fast-slow continuum of life-history variation. Such a framework is to date used to explain many aspects of population and community dynamics. Evidence for a consistent and context-independent integration of dispersal in life histories is, however, weak. We therefore advocate the explicit integration of dispersal into life history theory as a principal axis of variation influencing fitness, that is free to evolve, independently of other life history traits. We synthesize theoretical and empirical evidence on the central role of dispersal and its evolutionary dynamics on the spatial distribution of ecological strategies and its impact on population spread, invasions and coexistence. By applying an optimality framework we show that the inclusion of dispersal as an independent dimension of life histories might substantially change our view on evolutionary trajectories in spatially structured environments. Because changes in the spatial configuration of habitats affect the costs of movement and dispersal, adaptations to reduce these costs will increase phenotypic divergence among and within populations. We outline how this phenotypic heterogeneity is anticipated to further impact population and community dynamics

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“…4) Dispersal can also lead to spatial heterogeneity of phenotypes by spatial sorting (Shine et al ), and when individuals emigrate from and/or immigrate toward environmental conditions that match their phenotypes (i.e. habitat matching, Holt , Ravigné et al or , Edelaar et al , Jacob et al ). Habitat matching challenges the idea that dispersal is always a random process homogenizing phenotypes among populations (Lenormand , Garant et al ) and, on the contrary, permits dispersal to be a non‐random process producing spatial heterogeneity of phenotypes (Clobert et al , Garant et al , Edelaar et al , Edelaar and Bolnick , Jacob et al ).…”

Section: Spatial Heterogeneity Of Habitats and Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…habitat matching, Holt , Ravigné et al or , Edelaar et al , Jacob et al ). Habitat matching challenges the idea that dispersal is always a random process homogenizing phenotypes among populations (Lenormand , Garant et al ) and, on the contrary, permits dispersal to be a non‐random process producing spatial heterogeneity of phenotypes (Clobert et al , Garant et al , Edelaar et al , Edelaar and Bolnick , Jacob et al ). The detailed behavioural rules underlying habitat matching can strongly influence the outcome of adaptive evolution in heterogeneous landscapes (Holt and Barfield ).…”

Section: Spatial Heterogeneity Of Habitats and Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in fragmented landscapes

et al. 2016

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It is widely recognized that ecological dynamics influence evolutionary dynamics, and conversely that evolutionary changes alter ecological processes. Because fragmentation impacts all biological levels (from individuals to ecosystems) through isolation and reduced habitat size, it strongly affects the links among evolutionary and ecological processes such as population dynamics, local adaptation, dispersal and speciation. Here, we review our current knowledge of the eco‐evolutionary dynamics in fragmented landscapes, focusing on both theory and experimental studies. We then suggest future experimental directions to study eco‐evolutionary dynamics and/or feedbacks in fragmented landscapes, especially to bridge the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental validations.

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Habitat matching and spatial heterogeneity of phenotypes: implications for metapopulation and metacommunity functioning

Cited by 80 publications

References 106 publications

Spatial extinction or persistence: landscape‐temperature interactions perturb predator–prey dynamics

Spatial extinction or persistence: landscape‐temperature interactions perturb predator–prey dynamics

Dispersal: a central and independent trait in life history

Eco‐evolutionary dynamics in fragmented landscapes

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