Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Ngezahayo, Frédéric; Wang, Xiaoli; Yu, Xiaoming; Jiang, Lili; Chu, Yunjie; Shen, Baihua; Yan, ZhongKai; B, Liu

doi:10.1007/s11434-011-4484-1

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the results for L. japonica and L. japonica var. Chinensis [27], Panax ginseng [31], and Taxus media [21]. These results indicate that DNA methylation in the promoter region of the genes for key enzymes is an important factor in the differences in the quality and gene expression of key enzymes in medicinal plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

DNA Methylation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase, Squalene Synthase, and Squalene Epoxidase Gene Promoters and Effect on the Saponin Content of Eleutherococcus Senticosus

Wang

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2019

Forests

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Eleutherococcus senticosus (Ruper. et Maxim.) Maxim is a traditional Chinese medicine. The saponin components of E. senticosus have several biological effects, including reduction of blood lipids; protection against liver, heart, and vascular disease; and antitumor activity. The DNA methylation of E. senticosus farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS), squalene synthase (SS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) gene promoters and the mechanism of the influence of these enzymes on saponin synthesis and accumulation in E. senticosus were explored using bisulfite sequencing technology, real-time PCR, the vanillin-concentrated sulfuric acid chromogenic method, and LC-MS. There are 19 DNA methylation sites and 8 methylation types in the FPS gene. The SS gene has nine DNA methylation sites and two DNA methylation types. The SE gene has 16 DNA methylation sites and 7 methylation types. The total saponin content in the high and low DNA methylation groups were 1.07 ± 0.12 and 2.92 ± 0.32 mg/g, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the gene expression of the FPS, SS, and SE genes was significantly positively correlated with the saponin content (p < 0.05), and that the methylation ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the saponin content (p < 0.01), while the expression of the SS and SE genes was significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). A total of 488 metabolites were detected from E. senticosus and 100 different metabolites were screened out by extensive targeted metabolomics. The amount of most metabolites related to the mevalonate pathway was higher in the low DNA methylation group than in the high DNA methylation group. It was demonstrated that there are DNA methylation sites in the promoter regions of the FPS, SS, and SE genes of E. senticosus, and DNA methylation in this region could significantly inhibit synthesis in the mevalonate pathway, thus reducing the content of the final product E. senticosus saponin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

DNA Methylation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase, Squalene Synthase, and Squalene Epoxidase Gene Promoters and Effect on the Saponin Content of Eleutherococcus Senticosus

Wang

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Chinese ginseng has been regarded as the symbolic “king” of traditional Chinese medicine and cherished for thousands of years [ 17 , 18 , 36 ]. This is because it is widely believed in Chinese herb culture that ginseng has the capacity to boost human stamina and enhance longevity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Chromosomal Stability and Immortalized Totipotency Characterize Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Liu

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

Genes

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Chinese ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a highly cherished traditional Chinese medicine, with several confirmed medical effects and many more asserted health-boosting functions. Somatic chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many types of human cancers and also related to other pathogenic conditions such as miscarriages and intellectual disabilities, hence, the study of this phenomenon is of wide scientific and translational medical significance. CIN also ubiquitously occurs in cultured plant cells, and is implicated as a major cause of the rapid decline/loss of totipotency with culture duration, which represents a major hindrance to the application of transgenic technologies in crop improvement. Here, we report two salient features of long-term cultured callus cells of ginseng, i.e., high chromosomal stability and virtually immortalized totipotency. Specifically, we document that our callus of ginseng, which has been subcultured for 12 consecutive years, remained highly stable at the chromosomal level and showed little decline in totipotency. We show that these remarkable features of cultured ginseng cells are likely relevant to the robust homeostasis of the transcriptional expression of specific genes (i.e., genes related to tissue totipotency and chromosomal stability) implicated in the manifestation of these two complex phenotypes. To our knowledge, these two properties of ginseng have not been observed in any animals (with respect to somatic chromosomal stability) and other plants. We posit that further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique properties of ginseng, especially somatic chromosomal stability in protracted culture duration, may provide novel clues to the mechanistic understanding of the occurrence of CIN in human disease.

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“…Interestingly, the morphology of ginseng roots is mainly determined by the habitat, and therefore, the roots of the wild and cultivated plants are well distinguished. It has been recently reported that this habitat-induced reciprocal transformation is accompanied by an alteration in DNA methylation [60] . Additionally, we can suggest that, in three to four nucleoli cells, the biosynthesis is more intensive than in one to two nucleoli cells, because the observed decrease in the nuclei/nucleoli ratio of the area implies the increase in the activity of protein synthesis in the cell [57] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation in the number of nucleoli and incomplete homogenization of 18S ribosomal DNA sequences in leaf cells of the cultivated Oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Челомина

Rozhkovan

Voronova

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundWild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation.MethodsThe roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined.ResultsIn mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440–640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species.ConclusionThis study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine.

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Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

DNA Methylation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase, Squalene Synthase, and Squalene Epoxidase Gene Promoters and Effect on the Saponin Content of Eleutherococcus Senticosus

DNA Methylation of Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase, Squalene Synthase, and Squalene Epoxidase Gene Promoters and Effect on the Saponin Content of Eleutherococcus Senticosus

High Chromosomal Stability and Immortalized Totipotency Characterize Long-Term Tissue Cultures of Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng)

Variation in the number of nucleoli and incomplete homogenization of 18S ribosomal DNA sequences in leaf cells of the cultivated Oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

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