Habitat duration, predation risk and phenotypic plasticity in common frog (<i>Rana temporaria</i>) tadpoles

Laurila, Anssi; Kujasalo, Jutta

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2656.1999.00354.x

Cited by 157 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…The bene®t of the ®rst factor for development has been con®rmed by several laboratory studies (Tejedo & Reques, 1992;Semlitsch, 1993;Newman, 1994). Also the second factor promotes feeding rate as it allows tadpoles to feed more openly (Laurila & Kujasalo, 1999) and therefore more ef®ciently. Indeed, several laboratory studies and experiments in ®eld enclosures have shown a negative effect of predators on development rate (Skelly & Werner, 1990;Skelly, 1992).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Loman

2002

Journal of Zoology

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Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R-temporaria in the fieldLoman, Jon General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractTime for metamorphosis and metamorph size of moor frogs Rana arvalis and common frogs R. temporaria were measured in 22 ponds for 1±8 years. Environmental data in these ponds were also measured. Metamorphosis of the frogs took place from the beginning of June to the beginning of August. When both species were found in one pond, the common frogs metamorphosed up to 20 days earlier than the moor frogs. Most variation in time for metamorphosis, among ponds and years, is explained by temperature effects, but a causal relationship was not established. Within a pond, metamorphosis was later in cold summers than in warm summers. Size at metamorphosis was affected by tadpole density; at high densities metamorphs were smaller. Size at metamorphosis was not related to time for metamorphosis. There was an effect of pond drying; if ponds were about to dry up, metamorphosis was accelerated by about 2.4 days. Tadpoles from ponds with a late metamorphosis in the ®eld had tadpoles that metamorphosed early in a common garden experiment, suggesting counter gradient selection.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Loman

2002

Journal of Zoology

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“…A possible scenario follows. For some frog species it has been shown or suggested that tadpoles reduce activity in the presence of predators (Skelly & Werner, 1990;Semlitsch & Reyer, 1992;Anholt & Werner, 1999), thus reducing growth rate (Skelly, 1992;Laurila & Kujasalo, 1999). It is possible that low activity level is a ®xed trait for tadpoles from some ponds (and thus persisted when raised in tanks).…”

Section: Pond Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It makes sense that tadpoles in temporary ponds develop quickly, but why also grow larger? The fate of the pond is conditional and the response (a faster 97 Tadpole growth: microevolution and egg size effects development) is at least partly facultative (Laurila & Kujasalo, 1999;Loman, 1999;. Also, some studies suggest that increased development rate has a price, namely decreased growth rate (Laurila & Kujasalo 1999;.…”

Section: Pond Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fate of the pond is conditional and the response (a faster 97 Tadpole growth: microevolution and egg size effects development) is at least partly facultative (Laurila & Kujasalo, 1999;Loman, 1999;. Also, some studies suggest that increased development rate has a price, namely decreased growth rate (Laurila & Kujasalo 1999;. Thus, high growth rate gives tadpoles in potentially temporary ponds the possibility of sacri®cing some of their potential size for an early metamorphosis if necessary.…”

Section: Pond Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microevolution and maternal effects on tadpole Rana temporaria growth and development rate

Loman

2002

Journal of Zoology

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Can variation in egg size explain the local variation in tadpole growth and development of the common frog Rana temporaria or are other mechanisms, e.g. microevolution, involved? To study this, tadpoles were raised in outdoor tanks. Each tank housed tadpoles from one clutch. Eggs were collected during 2 years from six different ponds and their sizes were measured. Large eggs gave rise to tadpoles that grew and developed faster than those hatched from small eggs. Tadpoles from large eggs thus metamorphosed earlier but, because they grew for a shorter time, size at metamorphosis was not affected by initial egg size. Tadpoles from different ponds differed in strategy; after correcting for egg size effects, tadpoles from some ponds tended to metamorphose earlier and at a larger size than those from others. These ponds occasionally dry out during or before the tadpoles' period of metamorphosis. I argue that the detected pond differences are genetically based and represent a case of microevolution.

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“…Phenotypic plasticity that has been designed by natural selection is one form of organic adaptation. Conspicuous plastic morphological changes induced by biological agents are known to be inducible morphological defences, triggered by remote chemical cues of the inducing agents in several prey species (Stemberger & Gilbert 1984;Lively 1986;Dodson 1989;Kusch 1993;Bronmark & Pettersson 1994;Tollrian 1995;Trussell 1996;McCollum & Leimberger 1997;Dahl & Peckarsky 2002;Laurila & Kujasalo 1999;Van Buskirk & Arioli 2002;Kishida & Nishimura 2004). Inducible predator morphs (carnivorous morphs) have also been reported in some organisms such as rotifers, anuran tadpoles and larval salamanders (Gilbert 1973;Pfennig 1990;Hoffman & Pfennig 1999;Michimae & Wakahara 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical vibrations from tadpoles' flapping tails transform salamander's carnivorous morphology

2005

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Some prey or predator organisms exhibit striking rapid morphological plastic changes with distinct morphology under the condition of predator or prey presence. Remote chemicals propagating from the inducing agents are the prevalent induction cues for most examples of induction of distinct morphs. Sonic and visual cues, as well as chemical cues, are known as triggers for induction of behavioural plasticity. Here we show that hydraulic vibration originating from flapping tails of anuran tadpoles is a key cue in relation to induction of a distinct carnivorous morphology, a broad-headed morph, in larval salamander Hynobius retardatus, which is able to efficiently capture and handle prey. This result was further supported by the fact that simple mechanical vibrations of tail-like vinyl fins were able to induce the morph without any biological cues. Induction of the morph triggered by hydraulic vibration provides a novel concept for understanding the proximate mechanisms of induction of morphological changes.

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Habitat duration, predation risk and phenotypic plasticity in common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles

Cited by 157 publications

References 39 publications

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Microevolution and maternal effects on tadpole Rana temporaria growth and development rate

Mechanical vibrations from tadpoles' flapping tails transform salamander's carnivorous morphology

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