Habitat-driven variation in mycorrhizal communities in the terrestrial orchid genus Dactylorhiza

Jacquemyn, Hans; Waud, Michael; Merckx, Vincent; Brys, Rein; Tyteca, Daniel; Hedrén, Mikael; Lievens, Bart

doi:10.1038/srep37182

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…For terrestrial orchids, some of the same OTUs were detected over geographically distant sites (i.e., SE and SW Florida), and in different habitat types. Although there has been a recent surge in studies examining the relationship between habitat type variation and mycorrhizal associations, overall patterns remain unclear (Jacquemyn et al 2016, 2017, Xing et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida

et al. 2020

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A species’ ability to establish and spread is influenced by different types of biotic interactions encountered in a new range. Species with high dependency on biotic interactions, such as orchids, are believed to have low ability to expand ranges. Using a comparative approach, we addressed the role of below‐ground biotic interactions in the naturalization and spread of two introduced orchids. Using fungus‐specific DNA primers and symbiotic germination trials, we identified the types of fungal taxa associated with Cyrtopodium flavum and Eulophia graminea, two invasive orchids in southern Florida, with that of two native congeners, C. punctatum and E. alta. We quantified the degrees of mycorrhizal specificity as well as associations with pathogenic fungi. We identified a total of 57 distinct fungal taxa, collected from a total of 104 root samples (67 adults and 37 seedlings), and 111 protocorms derived from fungal baits in southern Florida and southwest China. We found that invasive orchids were capable of associating with a broader range of mycorrhizal fungi than co‐occurring native congeners (i.e., generalist strategy). Concurrently, invasive orchid species were less likely to harbor pathogenic fungal groups (Ascomycete) than native congeners, suggesting enemy release played a role as well in these orchids’ naturalization and spread. These findings provided insights into the complex roles of mycorrhizal symbioses in range expansions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida

et al. 2020

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“…Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined using UPARSE ( Edgar, 2013 ), with sequences exceeding 97% sequence homology being clustered into the same OTU ( Jacquemyn et al, 2015 , 2016a , b ; Oja et al, 2015 ). Global singletons and global doubletons (i.e., OTUs representing only one or two sequences in the whole dataset) were removed from further analysis since it has been shown that this improves the accuracy of diversity estimates ( Ihrmark et al, 2012 ; Waud et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal Associations and Trophic Modes in Coexisting Orchids: An Ecological Continuum between Auto- and Mixotrophy

et al. 2017

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Two distinct nutritional syndromes have been described in temperate green orchids. Most orchids form mycorrhizas with rhizoctonia fungi and are considered autotrophic. Some orchids, however, associate with fungi that simultaneously form ectomycorrhizas with surrounding trees and derive their carbon from these fungi. This evolutionarily derived condition has been called mixotrophy or partial mycoheterotrophy and is characterized by 13C enrichment and high N content. Although it has been suggested that the two major nutritional syndromes are clearly distinct and tightly linked to the composition of mycorrhizal communities, recent studies have challenged this assumption. Here, we investigated whether mycorrhizal communities and nutritional syndromes differed between seven green orchid species that co-occur under similar ecological conditions (coastal dune slacks). Our results showed that mycorrhizal communities differed significantly between orchid species. Rhizoctonia fungi dominated in Dactylorhiza sp., Herminium monorchis, and Epipactis palustris, which were autotrophic based on 13C and N content. Conversely, Liparis loeselii and Epipactis neerlandica associated primarily with ectomycorrhizal fungi but surprisingly, 13C and N content supported mixotrophy only in E. neerlandica. This, together with the finding of some ectomycorrhizal fungi in rhizoctonia-associated orchids, suggests that there exists an ecological continuum between the two syndromes. The presence of a large number of indicator species associating with individual orchid species further confirms previous findings that mycorrhizal fungi may be important factors driving niche-partitioning in terrestrial orchids and therefore contribute to orchid coexistence.

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“…Epipactis, fungal community, Gymnadenia, mycorrhizal specificity, orchid mycorrhiza, spatial turnover decreases with increasing latitude (Duffy et al, 2019), and that the community composition of OMF varies according to habitat (Jacquemyn, Waud, Merckx, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Similarity in mycorrhizal communities associating with two widespread terrestrial orchids decays with distance

Xing

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Interactions with mycorrhizal fungi are increasingly recognized as an important factor underlying the distribution and abundance of orchid species. However, the geographical distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and how their communities vary over large geographical areas are less well understood. Because climatic and environmental similarity may decrease with geographical distance or because some OMF have limited dispersal capabilities, similarities in orchid mycorrhizal communities can be expected to decrease with increasing distances separating orchid populations. However, up till now empirical evidence is largely lacking. Location Eurasia. Taxa Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Brown and Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz. Methods High‐throughput sequencing was used to perform a cross‐continental comparison of OMF that associate with two widespread Eurasian terrestrial orchids, Epipactis helleborine and Gymnadenia conopsea. Both phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic measures of community dissimilarity and their components were calculated and related to geographical distances using Mantel tests. Results Our results showed that in both orchid species similarity in mycorrhizal communities decreased significantly with geographical distance. Decomposing the contribution of spatial turnover and nestedness to overall dissimilarity showed that the observed dissimilarity was mainly the result of species replacement between regions, and not of species loss. Similarly, a strong relationship was observed between phylogenetic community dissimilarity and geographical distance. Decomposing PCD values into a nonphylogenetic and phylogenetic component showed that orchid populations located closely next to each other were likely to contain the same operational taxonomic units (OTUs), but that the non‐shared taxa came from different phylogenetic clades. Species indicator analyses showed that the majority of OMF OTUs were restricted to particular geographical areas. However, some OTUs occurred in both continents, indicating that some fungi have very wide distributions. Main conclusions Overall, these results demonstrate that orchid mycorrhizal communities differ substantially across large geographical areas, but that the distribution of orchids is not necessarily restricted by the distribution of particular OMF. Hence, widespread orchid species can be considered mycorrhizal generalists that are flexible in the OMF with which they associate across large geographical areas.

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Habitat-driven variation in mycorrhizal communities in the terrestrial orchid genus Dactylorhiza

Cited by 44 publications

References 57 publications

Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida

Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida

Mycorrhizal Associations and Trophic Modes in Coexisting Orchids: An Ecological Continuum between Auto- and Mixotrophy

Similarity in mycorrhizal communities associating with two widespread terrestrial orchids decays with distance

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