Habitat characterization and population status of the dusky titi (&lt;i&gt;Callicebus ornatos&lt;/i&gt;) in fragmented forests, Meta, Colombia

Wagner, Marcela; Farnum, Francisco; Stevenson, Pablo R.

doi:10.1896/044.016.0104

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Bicca-Marques et al [2002] and Felton et al [2006] have suggested that limited dispersal opportunities in small isolated forest fragments or larger fragments with high population densities could cause offspring to remain in their natal group. However, in a survey of C. ornatus groups living in forest fragments (10-40 ha) at high population densities (60-369 ind/km 2 ), all 38 contacted groups contained only two adult-sized individuals [Wagner et al, 2009], suggesting that factors other than limited dispersal opportunities might mediate a delay in dispersing. At our study site, with an estimated C. discolor population density of 48 ind/km 2 [Dacier et al, 2011], a lack of dispersal opportunities also seems an unlikely explanation for the brief occurrence of more than one adult-size individual of each sex in one of the main groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

Belle

Fernández-Duque

Fiore

2015

American J Primatol

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We investigated demographic patterns and life history traits from several groups of red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) monitored throughout the first 12 years (November 2003 through May 2015) of an ongoing research project in the Yasuní National Park and Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador. The saki groups ranged in size between two and six individuals, comprising either one adult male and one adult female or multiple adult-sized males or females, plus immatures. Deviations from a pair-living structure resulted when two different daughters of the resident female grew up and successfully reproduced in their natal group and when an adult-sized male temporarily immigrated into the group when it already contained an adult male. The titi groups also ranged in size between two and six individuals, but almost exclusively lived in groups with one adult individual of each sex. No titi offspring were observed to breed in their natal groups, and both male and female offspring dispersed when they were between 2.1 and 5.0 years old. In both titi and saki groups, vacant breeding positions resulting from the disappearance of an adult group member were promptly occupied by immigrants of the same sex as the disappeared group member. We recorded nine saki and 28 titi births. Eighty-three percent of the titi births occurred between September and January, suggesting reproductive seasonality. The mean interbirth interval after an infant survived its first 6 months was 21.3 ± SE 1.9 months (N = 3) for sakis and 14.5 ± SE 1.5 months (N = 14) for titis. Saki infant survival was 70%, and juvenile survival 57%. Titi infant survival was 88%, and juvenile survival was 53%. This 12-year study provides important insights into the functioning and maintenance of pair-living and social monogamy in two little-known platyrrhine species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

Belle

Fernández-Duque

Fiore

2015

American J Primatol

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“…Callicebus , Chiropotes , and Pithecia can reside in forest fragments that are fractions of the size of the species' typical home range in continuous forest [Boyle et al, 2009, 2012; Boyle and Smith, ; DeLuycker, 2006, 2012, 2014; Kinzey and Becker, ; Setz, ; Setz and Gaspar, ; Setz et al, ; Silva and Ferrari, ; Veiga, ; Wagner et al, ]. Ferrari et al [] provided a relatively positive assessment of the ability of Chiropotes to live in forest fragments; however, the monkeys were locally extinct from a 200‐ha fragment, as well as the surrounding area (given the small size of the other fragments), and the “successful” fragments were relatively large (≥7500 ha).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through this current study, two sites (Fig. , sites 2 and 27) where pitheciids have been noted in habitat fragments (i.e., Callicebus ornatus [Wagner et al, ]; Callicebus nigrifrons [Santana et al, ]) were not included within the IUCN geographic ranges. Geographic range extensions have also been reported for Cacajao in continuous forest [Bowler et al, ; Cardoso et al, ; Vermeer et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in continuous forest [Boyle et al, 2009, 2012; Boyle and Smith, ; Silva and Ferrari, ; Veiga, ]. However, Wagner et al [] did not find a correlation between fragment size and Callicebus ornatus density; however, all fragments were small (≤40 ha). In comparisons with other published studies, group size of Pithecia pithecia chrysocephala did not differ between fragments and continuous forest [Setz, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

Boyle

2014

American J Primatol

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Pitheciids (Cacajao, Callicebus, Chiropotes, and Pithecia) have experienced habitat loss and fragmentation across their geographic range in South America. Some populations living in habitat fragments live in smaller groups, travel shorter distances, and consume items that are not regularly found in the diets of populations living in continuous habitat; however, these patterns are not consistent across species. I used the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to delineate the geographic range and conservation status of 43 pitheciid species. I calculated the amount of modified land cover within the range of each species, as well as the extent to which the remaining habitat exists in small fragments and the amount of forest lost from 2000 to 2012. Mean forest fragment size ranged from 12 to 12,027 ha, and mean forest loss from 2000 to 2012 ranged from 10.7% for Chiropotes to 0.9% for Pithecia. Critically Endangered and Endangered species represented 20.9% of the pitheciid species, and 46.5% of these species had population trends documented as decreasing. Total modified land cover was greatest for Callicebus species (18.0% of geographic range), followed by Chiropotes (13.8%), Pithecia (4.4%), and Cacajao (1.1%). Species of greater conservation concern had smaller geographic ranges, and a greater percentage of their range consisting of modified land cover than species of lower conservation concern. Species of greater conservation concern also had a greater percentage of forest lost from 2000 to 2012 and a smaller percentage of the remaining forest being protected. Most studies of pitheciids in fragments have concentrated on census data; the behavior of pitheciids in fragments has been examined for only 9 of the 43 species. Increased data on the responses of pitheciid species to forest loss and fragmentation are necessary in order to address pitheciid conservation, especially in areas undergoing severe habitat loss.

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“…On the other hand, the abundance of primate species seems to be highly variable in response to fragment size depending on habitat features such as food availability (Chapman et al 2006b;Baranga et al 2013). Some authors have found higher densities in small fragments compared to large, while other authors have found the opposite (Golҫalves et al 2003;Wieczkowski 2004;Wagner et al 2009; Carretero-Pinzón 2013). In addition, an increasing prevalence of parasites and parasitic diversity has been associated with primates living in fragments when compared to those living in continuous forest (Gillespie and Chapman 2008;Mbora and McPeek 2009;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about the effect of patch size on primate species across life history traits?

et al. 2015

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Habitat loss and fragmentation are significant threats for primate species worldwide. However, few attempts have been made to look for general patterns in primate responses to habitat loss and fragmentation, or whether these may be associated with species' traits. We conducted a review of published literature on effects of patch size to quantify the effect of a reduction in this predictor on primates, and to determine whether these effects depend on species' traits. The effects of patch size on seven response variables (density, parasite prevalence and diversity, presence, genetic diversity, time spent feeding, resting and movement), were extracted from 135 papers and compared across six species traits (diet specialisation, social structure, body size, home range size, group size and dispersal ability). We found that density, parasitic prevalence and diversity and time spent feeding were positively associated with a reduction in patch size, while species' presence and genetic diversity were negatively associated. Time spent resting and moving did not show clear patterns. We found little evidence that the effect of patch size varies consistently with traits. This study provides important evidence for the consistent effect of patch size on a range of factors that influence the dynamics of primate populations. However, there is a need to move beyond quantifying patch size effects alone and to quantify the effects of changes occurring at broader landscape scales. This would allow more holistic primate conservation strategies to be developed across whole landscapes rather than being focussed on the management of individual patches.

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Habitat characterization and population status of the dusky titi (<i>Callicebus ornatos</i>) in fragmented forests, Meta, Colombia

Abstract: No abstract

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

Demography and life history of wild red titi monkeys (Callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (Pithecia aequatorialis) in Amazonian Ecuador: A 12‐year study

Pitheciids in fragmented habitats: Land cover change and its implications for conservation

What do we know about the effect of patch size on primate species across life history traits?

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