Habit formation and wage determination

Abstract

We analyse the implications of habit formation relating to wages in a multiperiod efficiency‐wage model. If employees have such preferences, their existence provides firms with incentives to raise wages and reduce employment over time. Greater intensity does not necessarily have the same consequences, because wage adjustments counteract the initial level impact. The firm's response additionally depends on the wage dependency of dismissal costs, because such costs make an increasing wage profile over time more attractive and mitigate the effects of greater intensity of habit formation. We further show that short‐lived productivity shocks have long‐lasting wage and employment consequences. Moreover, habit concerns by firm owners reduce wages.

Labor allocation: How environmental regulation promotes industrial structure

“…In particular, this paper focuses on the allocation of labor (Goerke, 2021; Shabir & Ali, 2022). In principle, the labor allocated in service industries is the most basic resource in a developing country.…”