Habit doesn't make the predictions stronger: Implicit alcohol associations and habitualness predict drinking uniquely

Lindgren, Kristen P.; Neighbors, Clayton; Teachman, Bethany A.; Gasser, Melissa L.; Kaysen, Debra; Norris, Jeanette; Wiers, Reinout W.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.003

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Neither reflective drinking norms nor alcohol expectancies were assessed in this study and remain interesting potential mediators for future investigations. Additionally, following studies documenting the unique contribution of implicit alcohol associations to the prediction of college drinking (Lindgren et al, 2015; Houben & Wiers, 2008), it will be important for future research to examine implicit alcohol cognitions, in addition to explicit cognitions, as they relate to exposure to peers’ alcohol references and images on SMS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different digital paths to the keg? How exposure to peers' alcohol-related social media content influences drinking among male and female first-year college students

Boyle

LaBrie

Froidevaux

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

187

192

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Despite speculation that peers’ alcohol-related content on social media sites (SMS) may influence the alcohol use behaviors of SMS frequenting college students, this relationship has not been investigated longitudinally. The current prospective study assesses the relationship between exposure to peers’ alcohol-related SMS content and later-drinking among first-year college students. Among 408 first-year students, total exposure to peers’ alcohol-related content on Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat during the initial 6 weeks of college predicted alcohol consumption 6 months later. The rather robust relationship persisted even after students’ and close friends drinking were accounted for, indicating that alcohol references on SMS do not simply reflect alcohol use behaviors that would otherwise be observed in the absence of SMS and be predictive of later alcohol use. Findings also illuminate important gender differences in the degree to which peers’ alcohol-related SMS content influenced later drinking behavior as well as psychological mediators of this relationship. Among females, enhancement drinking motives and beliefs about the role of alcohol in the college experience fully mediated the relationship between SMS alcohol exposure and later drinking. Males, however, evidenced a much stronger predictive relationship between SMS alcohol exposure and second semester drinking, with this relationship only partially explained by perceptions of drinking norms, enhancement drinking motives, and beliefs about the role of alcohol in the college experience. Implications of these findings for college drinking prevention efforts and directions for future research are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different digital paths to the keg? How exposure to peers' alcohol-related social media content influences drinking among male and female first-year college students

Boyle

LaBrie

Froidevaux

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

187

192

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lindgren et al (2015) reported positive correlations between scores several scores reflecting alcohol problems and habitualness of drinking. Palfai and Ostafin (2003) also found positive correlations between scores on the approach/avoid IAT and binge drinking, difficulty to control alcohol consumption, and general sensitivity to positive incentives.…”

Section: Wanting Likingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Implicit measures of “wanting” and “liking” in humans

Tibboel

Houwer

Bockstaele

2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

106

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Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST; e.g., Robinson & Berridge, 1993; suggests that a common dopamine system that deals with incentive salience attribution is affected by different types of drugs. Repeated drug use will sensitize this neural system, which means that drugs increasingly trigger the experience of incentive salience or "wanting". Importantly, Robinson and Berridge stress that there is a dissociation between drug "wanting" (the unconscious attribution of incentive salience) and drug "liking" (the unconscious hedonic experience when one consumes drugs). Whereas the former plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of drug addiction, the latter does not. Although this model was based mainly on research with non-human animals, more recently the dissociation between "wanting" and "liking" has been examined in humans as well. A widely used and promising means of studying these processes are behavioral implicit measures such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), different types of StimulusResponse Compatibility (SRC) tasks, and Affective Simon Tasks (AST).IST makes the clear prediction that (1) there should be a positive correlation between indices of "wanting" (e.g., drug consumption) and implicit "wanting" scores. Similarly, there should be a positive correlation between indices of "liking" (e.g., various expressions of subjective pleasure) and implicit "liking" scores; (2) there should be higher "wanting" scores in substance abusers or frequent substance users compared to non-users or infrequent users, and there should be no differences in "liking" between these groups (or even less "liking" in frequent substance users); (3) manipulations of "wanting" should affect implicit "wanting" scores whereas manipulations of "liking" should affect implicit "liking" scores. However, studies that tested these hypotheses did not produce equivocal results. To shed light on these discrepancies, we first discuss the different definitions of "wanting" and "liking" and the different tests that have been used to assess these processes. Then, we discuss whether it is 3 reasonable to assume that these tests are valid measures of "wanting" and "liking" and we review correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental studies that inform us about this issue. Finally, we discuss the future potential of implicit measures in research on IST and make several recommendations to improve both theory and methodology. 4

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“…Gatersleben et al (2014, Study 2) found that measures of environmental and frugal identities mediated between environmental values and pro-environmental behaviors ( β s = 0.35 and 0.28, respectively). Lindgren et al (2015) found a significant correlation between an implicit measure of drinking identity and drinking habit ( r = 0.36). Verplanken and Roy (2016) found that an index of pro-environmental habits correlated significantly with biospheric values ( r = 0.31), personal norms ( r = 0.45), and personal involvement ( r = 0.30), i.e., constructs that are closely related to self-identity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Habit and Identity: Behavioral, Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Facets of an Integrated Self

Verplanken

Sui

2019

Front. Psychol.

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Two studies investigated associations between habits and identity, in particular what people consider as their “true self.” Habit-identity associations were assessed by within-participant correlations between self-reported habit and associated true self ratings of 80 behaviors. The behaviors were instantiations of 10 basic values. In Study 1, significant correlations were observed between individual differences in the strength of habit-identity associations, measures of cognitive self-integration (prioritizing self-relevant information), self-esteem, and an orientation toward an ideal self. Study 2 further tested the assumption that habits are associated with identity if these relate to important goals or values. An experimental manipulation of value affirmation demonstrated that, compared to a control condition, habit-identity associations were stronger if participants explicitly generated the habit and true self ratings while indicating which values the behaviors would serve. Taken together, the results suggest that habits may serve to define who we are, in particular when these are considered in the context of self-related goals or central values. When habits relate to feelings of identity this comes with stronger cognitive self-integration, higher self-esteem, and a striving toward an ideal self. Linking habits to identity may sustain newly formed behaviors and may thus lead to more effective behavior change interventions.

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Habit doesn't make the predictions stronger: Implicit alcohol associations and habitualness predict drinking uniquely

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Different digital paths to the keg? How exposure to peers' alcohol-related social media content influences drinking among male and female first-year college students

Different digital paths to the keg? How exposure to peers' alcohol-related social media content influences drinking among male and female first-year college students

Implicit measures of “wanting” and “liking” in humans

Habit and Identity: Behavioral, Cognitive, Affective, and Motivational Facets of an Integrated Self

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