Habilidades no cognitivas y brecha de género salarial en el Perú

The contribution of personality traits and social norms to the gender pay gap: A systematic literature review

“…The study of Yamada et al. (2014) is based on Peru, and Chowdhury et al. (2019) examine preferences of workers in Viet Nam.…”

“…Yamada et al. (2014) use the grit scale from Duckworth et al. (2007), which measures focused effort and interest over time, that is, perseverance and passion for long‐term goals.…”

“…Mishra and Smyth (2014) focus on blue collar and white collar jobs across a range of sectors in six Chinese cities. The study of Yamada et al (2014) is based on Peru, and Chowdhury et al (2019) examine preferences of workers in Viet Nam. The scarcity of studies for developing countries is likely the result of lack of relevant data.…”

“…In fact, 19 out of the 39 studies discuss endogeneity aspects, most notably reverse causality of personality traits and social norms and wages/earnings. Several studies also discuss endogeneity related to education (Mishra & Smyth, 2014;Yamada et al, 2014;Piazzalunga, 2018) and the relationship between traits and norms. For instance, Judge et al (2012) look at agreeableness from the perspective of conventional gender roles, namely, that agreeable women and disagreeable men conform to female and male stereotypes.…”

“…As regards self-reported personality traits, the articles reviewed find that the contribution to explaining the wage gap is always significant, except for Yamada et al (2014), and that it ranges from a few percent to contributions, which are large and essential. For instance, Lesner (2019) attributes 24% of the gap to the Big Five, Caliendo et al (2017) 10.1% to the Big Five, Locus of Control and life satisfaction, while Semykina and Linz (2007) attribute up to 8.4% to Locus of Control and Challenge versus Affiliation.…”