Habilidad viso-motriz y deficiencia intelectual : estudio de validez para el Bender-SPG.

Abstract

ResumenEste trabajo tuvo por objetivo establecer la evidencia de validez convergente por medio del análisis de la asociación entre el la Prueba Gestáltica Viso-Motriz de Bender-Sistema de Puntuación Gradual (B-SPG), el Dibujo de la Figura Humana-Escala Sisto (DFH) y las Matrices Progresivas Coloridas de Raven (CPM). Participaron en el estudio 397 personas, entre los seis y 24 años de edad, con deficiencia intelectual. Los datos fueron obtenidos en la escuela de los niños y de forma individual. Los resultados indicaron una correlación de magnitud moderada entre los tests, confirmando la evidencia de validez para el B-SPG. Además, al comparar los resultados con los baremos de los tres tests se verificó que el desempeño de los sujetos de esta investigación estuvo muy debajo de lo esperado, una vez que el resultado fue semejante o inferior al de niños de seis años de los baremos que aparecen en los manuales de los tests. Palabras clave: deficiencia intelectual, tests psicológicos, habilidad viso-motriz, inteligencia, validez VISUAL MOTOR ABILITY AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES: VALIDITY STUDY OF THE BENDER-SPG AbstractThis study aimed to establish evidence of convergent validity through the analysis of the association between the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test -Gradual Scoring System (B-SPG, for its Spanish acronym), the Human Figure Drawing TestSisto´s Scale (DFH for its Spanish acronym) and the Colorful Raven´s Progressive Matrices (CPM).The participants in the study were 397 individuals, aged between 6 and 24 years old, who showed intellectual impairment. Data were gathered on an individual basis at the school these people attended. Results indicated a moderate magnitude correlation between the tests, thus confirming validity evidence for B-SPG. Moreover, when comparing the results with the scales of the three tests it was verified that the performance of the participants in this research was well below expectations, since the scores obtained were similar to or lower than those of children six years old of the scales contained in the testing manuals..

Perceptual-Motor Maturity in Adolescence and the Tanner Stages: A Study with Bender-Gradual Scoring System

“…Similar results were found by Keppeke et al (2013), where adolescents with various developmental problems had significantly lower visual-motor performance compared to healthy adolescents. Noronha et al (2013), also observed the same in a sample of children, adolescents, and adults with intellectual disabilities.…”

Drawing The Human Figure: Systems Most Used In Cognitive Assessment Of Children

“…In general, all studies indicated HFD as a suitable instrument for assessing cognitive abilities in children, relating positively to other non-verbal intelligence tests such as Raven (e.g., Costa, 2008), andBender (eg, Noronha, Santos, &Rueda, 2013), and verbal intelligence tests such as the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC; e.g. Oakland & Dowling, 1983).…”

“…was performed with 1,540 children and cognitive development reliability indicators were identified according to age and educational level, as well as positive and moderate correlations with Bender(Carreras, Uriel, & Fernández Liporace, 2013). Finally, there are two studies that, using the Sisto system, aimed to analyze the validity evidence comparing HFD with other nonverbal cognitive performance tests(Bartholomeu, Cecato, Montiel, Machado, & Sisto, 2012;Noronha et al, 2013). Correlations were positive and moderate, varying from 0.49 to 0.60.Two national studies had objectives different from the previously cited.…”

Teste de Bender: Versão de Rastreio para a Avaliação da Maturidade Perceptomotora

“…De acordo com Santos, Anache e Santana (2015) e Suehiro e Cardim (2016), o teste de Bender tem sido um dos instrumentos mais utilizados tanto no âmbito clínico quanto no escolar. Ao estar atrelada a diversas habilidades cognitivas subjacentes ao processo de aprendizagem, a maturidade perceptomotora tem se mostrado útil na predição de possíveis dificuldades de aprendizagem (Batista & Gonçalves, 2016;Carvalho, Noronha, Pinto, & Luca, 2012;Noronha, Santos, & Rueda, 2013;Silva, Oliveira, & Ciasca, 2017;Suehiro, Santos, & Rueda, 2015). Crianças com dificuldades em reproduzir as figuras do teste de Bender tendem a apresentar prejuízos na leitura, escrita e baixo rendimento escolar (Batista & Gonçalves, 2016;Carvalho et al, 2012;Noronha et al, 2013;Silva et al, 2017;Suehiro et al, 2015).…”

“…Há um consenso entre os autores em afirmar que esse sistema também mantêm o aspecto desenvolvimental da maturidade perceptomotora, tal como concebido no teste originado por Bender (Pinto & Noronha, 2010;Santos, Noronha, Rueda, & Segovia, 2014;Sisto et al, 2006). Noronha et al (2013) e Pinto e Noronha (2013), ao avaliarem crianças com idades entre seis e 10 anos, verificaram que conforme aumentava a idade, melhor seria a qualidade dos traçados na reprodução das figuras. Segundo Bender (1955), a percepção visual e a coordenação motora são formas primitivas da experiência humana.…”