HAA formation during chloramination—significance of monochloramine's direct reaction with DOM

Hong, Ying; Liu, Suibing; Song, Hocheol; Karanfil, Tanju

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb08007.x

Cited by 51 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Good DOM recoveries (88% for GV and 99% for MB) were obtained based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during the isolation. The reactivity tests confirmed that there was no impact of RO isolation on the DOM reactivity during chlorination and chloramination (10,11). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…In the absence of bromide, there are three oxidants, NH 2 C1 and its two decomposition products, free chlorine (HOC1) and dichloramine (NHC1 2 ), that can be present in water during chloramination potentially reacting with DOM to form HAA. The recent research of the authors have shown that the direct reaction between NH 2 C1 and DOM plays the major role and is responsible for about 80% of HAA formation (10,11). The remaining HAA formation was attributed to HOC1 that results from NH 2 C1 decomposition.…”

Section: Haa Formation Routes and Kinetics And The Effect Of Quenchimentioning

confidence: 98%

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HAA Formation and Speciation during Chloramination

Karanfil

Hong²,

Song

2008

ACS Symposium Series

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The main objective of this study was to systematically examine the roles of dissolved organic matter characteristics, pH and bromide in the formation and speciation of dihalogenated acetic acids, the major class of haloacetic acids (HAA) formed during chloramination. This chapter also summarizes briefly the potential reaction routes of HAA formation, HAA formation kinetics, and the effect of quenching agent use during chloramination.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Haa Formation Routes and Kinetics And The Effect Of Quenchimentioning

confidence: 98%

HAA Formation and Speciation during Chloramination

Karanfil

Hong²,

Song

2008

ACS Symposium Series

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“…Chloramines are widely used by drinking water utilities, particularly in the US, as an alternative to chlorine to comply with stringent regulations for THMs and HAAs since chloramines form lesser amounts of regulated THMs and HAAs (Seidel et al, 2005;Hong et al, 2007). In the presence of high bromide, however, bromamines which are more reactive oxidants and decay rapidly can be produced from chloramines.…”

Section: Dbp Formation In Chlorinated Seawatermentioning

confidence: 98%

Disinfection by-product formation during seawater desalination: A review

2015

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Due to increased freshwater demand across the globe, seawater desalination has become the technology of choice in augmenting water supplies in many parts of the world. The use of chemical disinfection is necessary in desalination plants for pre-treatment to control both biofouling as well as the post-disinfection of desalinated water. Although chlorine is the most commonly used disinfectant in desalination plants, its reaction with organic matter produces various disinfection by-products (DBPs) (e.g., trihalomethanes [THMs], haloacetic acids [HAAs], and haloacetonitriles [HANs]), and some DBPs are regulated in many countries due to their potential risks to public health. To reduce the formation of chlorinated DBPs, alternative oxidants (disinfectants) such as chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and ozone can be considered, but they also produce other types of DBPs. In addition, due to high levels of bromide and iodide concentrations in seawater, highly cytotoxic and genotoxic DBP species (i.e., brominated and iodinated DBPs) may form in distribution systems, especially when desalinated water is blended with other source waters having higher levels of organic matter. This article reviews the knowledge accumulated in the last few decades on DBP formation during seawater desalination, and summarizes in detail, the occurrence of DBPs in various thermal and membrane plants involving different desalination processes. The review also identifies the current challenges and future research needs for controlling DBP formation in seawater desalination plants and to reduce the potential toxicity of desalinated water.

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“…A representative Br À /I À mass ratio (10:1) for natural waters, and two Br À and I À concentrations (200 mg/L and 20 mg/L; 800 mg/L and 80 mg/L) were evaluated. Even though it has been shown previously that the formation of THMs is minimal from preformed NH 2 Cl (Hong et al, 2007), THMs, due to their regulatory significance, were also monitored and compared with I-THMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%