H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Indonesia: Retrospective Considerations

Daniels, Peter; Wiyono, Agus; Sawitri, Elly; Poermadjaja, Bagoes; Sims, L. D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45792-4_265

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Following pan-zoonotic spread since early 2000, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) has become enzootic in various countries including Indonesia (Daniels et al, 2013). Although it cannot be efficiently transmitted from birds to humans, or from human to human (Guan and Smith, 2013), this longterm endemicity is a continuous threat for the poultry industry as well as human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus of H5N1 Subtype in Backyard Animals and Its Introduction in Bali, Indonesia

Mahardika¹

2018

PVJ

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Epidemiological studies of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (HPAIV-H5N1) in pet and backyard animals are limited. Here we provide serological and virological evidences of infection in various animals in households in Bali, Indonesia in 2005 and 2006. Serum and swab samples from poultry, pigs, dogs, and cats were collected using a stratified random sampling design. Antibodies against HPAIV-H5 were detected in sera using the standard hemagglutination inhibition assay, and the presence of HPAIV-H5N1 in swabs was confirmed by using egg inoculation technique, a hemagglutination assay, and molecular methods. The phylogeny and virus dispersal were inferred using BEAST and SPREAD software. The results showed that the seroprevalence of village chickens to waterfowl, poultry to pigs, and year of study varied significantly in the province (P<0.001). The seroprevalences in dogs and cats were 1.85% and 7.50%, respectively. Moreover, HPAIV-H5N1 was isolated in all species except cats. The isolation rates varied between species and between the years of surveillance, too. Virus dispersal analysis showed that isolates from Bali grouped into two major clades with good statistical support. In light of these findings, surveillance of HPAIV should be extended to all poultry and mammalian species present in backyard environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus of H5N1 Subtype in Backyard Animals and Its Introduction in Bali, Indonesia

Mahardika¹

2018

PVJ

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“…Agen penyebabnya dalah virus familia Orthomyxoviridae) genus Avian Influenza subtipe H5N1 (Jong and Hien., 2006). Wabah penyakit AI yang sangat merugikan dan menimbulkan korban tinggi pada manusia sudah pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia ((Daniels et al, 2013 (Mahardika et al, 2005;Mahardika et al, 2006;Mahardika et al, 2017) Pencegahan penyakit Flu Burung pada unggas dengan cara divaksinasi menggunakan vaksin AI inaktif sediaan tunggal maupun dikombinasi dengan vaksin lain (Kencana et al, 2015). Vaksin AI ada yang dikombinasi dengan vaksin Newcastle Disease (ND) karena kedua penyakit tersebut pada unggas mempunyai gejala klinis yang mirip yakni demam, diare, gangguan syaraf, penurunan produksi telur diikuti dengan angka sakit dan kematian yang tinggi dalam waktu yang singkat.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Penyuluhan dan Vaksinasi Ayam Buras di Desa Nyambu Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Tabanan

Kencana¹,

Suartha²,

Apsari³

et al. 2019

BUM

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Hospes utama penyakit Flu Burung adalah unggas termasuk ayam buras yang berpotensi tinggi sebagai penular dan penyebar penyakit karena sistim pemeliharannya secara semi intensif. Kasus kematian manusia akibat Flu Burung pernah terjadi di Banjar Batugaing Desa Beraban Kecamatan Kediri. Desa Nyambu terletak di Kecamatan Kediri, Kabupaten Tabanan. Populasi ayam buras di Kecamatan Kediri sebanyak 30.171 ekor pada tahun 2016. Mengingat potensi Desa Nyambu dengan penduduk yang kebanyakan memelihara ayam buras secara semi intensif, maka sangat rentan terjadinya penyebaran penyakit Flu Burung di Desa tersebut. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat di Desa Nyambu adalah untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit Flu Burung yang ditularkan oleh unggas. Sasaran utama adalah masyarakat yang memelihara ayam buras. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat diawali dengan penyuluhan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 28 Juli 2018 di Kantor Desa Nyambu. Peserta penyuluhan adalah aparat Desa beserta masyarakat setempat. Materi penyuluhan meliputi pengenalan gejala klinis penyakit Flu Burung dan cara mencegah dengan vaksinasi. Vaksinasi pada ayam buras dilakukan dari satu rumah ke rumah lainnya (door to door) dengan menggunakan vaksin AI inaktif melalui suntikan intramuskuler pada paha. Sebanyak 230 ayam buras berbagai umur telah berhasil divaksinasi. Kata kunci: penyuluhan, vaksinasi, Flu Burung, ayam buras, Tabanan.

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“…Much emphasis has been placed on participatory surveillance and response in Indonesia for H5N1 HPAI, whereas more traditional methods of disease reporting and surveillance are used in China and Vietnam. The Indonesian system appears to have provided better information on disease prevalence at the village level than the systems in China and Vietnam but it is not yet clear whether the overall benefits, in terms of disease control, outweigh the cost of obtaining the information about this disease, which, despite the regular detection and response, is proving difficult to eliminate …”

Section: Specific Measures Adopted For Control and Prevention Of Aviamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Indonesian system appears to have provided better information on disease prevalence at the village level than the systems in China and Vietnam but it is not yet clear whether the overall benefits, in terms of disease control, outweigh the cost of obtaining the information about this disease, which, despite the regular detection and response, is proving difficult to eliminate. 57 Stamping out can be used for LPAI as it is with HPAI but is usually confined to outbreaks caused by viruses defined as low pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza (LPNAI)that is, viruses of the H5 and H7 subtype that have not acquired (but have the potential to acquire) characteristics of high pathogenicity viruses. Alternatives to whole farm depopulation have been used in the United States for some outbreaks of LPNAI, including the use of vaccination and controlled marketing in which birds are sold to slaughter once clinical signs have abated and viral shedding is at a low level.…”

Section: Stamping Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention strategies to reduce the risk of zoonotic infection with avian influenza viruses: scientific basis, challenges and knowledge gaps

Sims

2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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A range of measures has been recommended and used for the control and prevention of avian influenza. These measures are based on the assessment of local epidemiological situations, field observations and other scientific information. Other non‐technical factors are (or in some cases should be) taken into account when developing and recommending control measures. The precise effects under field conditions of most individual interventions applied to control and prevent avian influenza have not been established or subjected to critical review, often because a number of measures are applied simultaneously without controls. In most cases, the combination of measures used results in control or elimination of the virus although there are some countries where this has not been the case. In others, especially those with low poultry density, it is not clear whether the link between the adoption of a set of measures and the subsequent control of the disease is causative. This article discusses the various measures recommended, with particular emphasis on stamping out and vaccination, examines how these measures assist in preventing zoonotic infections with avian influenza viruses and explores gaps in knowledge regarding their effectiveness.

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H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Indonesia: Retrospective Considerations

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus of H5N1 Subtype in Backyard Animals and Its Introduction in Bali, Indonesia

Surveillance of Avian Influenza Virus of H5N1 Subtype in Backyard Animals and Its Introduction in Bali, Indonesia

Penyuluhan dan Vaksinasi Ayam Buras di Desa Nyambu Kecamatan Kediri Kabupaten Tabanan

Intervention strategies to reduce the risk of zoonotic infection with avian influenza viruses: scientific basis, challenges and knowledge gaps

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