H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Southeast Asia

Eagles, Debbie; Siregar, E.S.; Dung, Do H.; Weaver, James H.; Wong, Frank; Daniels, P.W.

doi:10.20506/rst.28.1.1864

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Asian HPAI H5N1 viruses that emerged over a decade ago in China have evolved into over 10 distinct phylogenetic clades [1], however, all Asian HPAI viruses containing H5 matched only with the N1 subtype. Since 2000, H5N1 viruses have been involved in various reassortment events, contributing genetic components to influenza viruses of other subtypes, or resulting in novel H5 viruses with an NA other than the N1 subtype, such as H5N5 [2], [4], [25], [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these is the long term endemicity of H5N1 HPAI viruses in poultry and the common practice of intermingling raising of chickens and domestic ducks and geese, which potentially provides an ideal environment for the generation of reassortant H5 HPAI viruses with NA subtypes other than N1. Considering the endemicity of clade 2.3.4 subtype H5N1 viruses in China since 2005 [1], it is plausible that H5N1 viruses have provided the backbone for generating these two novel H5N2 viruses rather than gene flow in the opposite direction. It is important to recognise that mass vaccination is the main strategy for the control of H5N1 HPAI in poultry in China [27]; however vaccination alone can never eliminate influenza virus in poultry flocks, especially in domestic waterfowl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses that emerged over a decade ago in China have evolved into over ten distinct phylogenetic clades on the basis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene [1]. From 2000 onwards, various reassortant viruses were detected in geese, ducks, chickens, and other terrestrial poultry, with the HA gene derived from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD-like) lineage and the internal genes from other subtypes of influenza viruses [2], [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry in China

Zhao

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

111

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There has been multiple evidence that domestic poultry may act as a vessel for the generation of novel influenza A viruses. In this study, we have analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of 4 H5N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from apparently healthy poultry from H5N1 virus endemic areas in China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that two of these viruses, A/duck/Eastern China/1111/2011 (DK/EC/1111/11) and A/goose/Eastern China/1112/2011 (GS/EC/1112/11) were derived from reassortment events in which clade 2.3.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses acquired novel neuraminidase and nonstructural protein genes. Another two isolates, A/chicken/Hebei/1102/2010 (CK/HB/1102/10) and A/duck/Hebei/0908/2009 (DK/HB/0908/09), possess hemagglutinin (HA) gene belong to clade 7 H5 viruses and other genes from endemic H9N2 viruses, or from viruses of various subtypes of the natural gene pool. All of these H5N2 isolates bear characteristic sequences of HPAI virus at the cleavage site of HA, and animal experiments indicated that all of these viruses but DK/HB/0908/09 is highly pathogenic to chickens. In particular, DK/EC/1111/11 and GS/EC/1112/11 are also highly pathogenic to ducks and moderately pathogenic to mice. All of these 4 viruses were able to replicate in domestic ducks and mice without prior adaptation. The emergence of these novel H5N2 viruses adds more evidence for the active evolution of H5 viruses in Asia. The maintenance of the highly pathogenic phenotype of some of these viruses even after reassortment with a new NA subtypes, their ability to replicate and transmit in domestic poultry, and the pathogenicity in the mammalian mouse model, highlight the potential threat posed by these viruses to both veterinary and public health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry in China

Zhao

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

111

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“…Summed to this, cultural background and limited resources hinder the establishment of adequate biosecurity practices. In this context, considering the geographic spread of HPAI H5N1 [58], and the frequency of outbreaks of H5 and H7 (LPAI and HPAI) viruses in different regions worldwide [34], [54], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], the presence of H7 and H5 viruses in wild birds crossing into Central America represents a threat to domestic fowl that cannot be ignored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds in Guatemala Belong to the North American Lineage

et al. 2012

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The role wild bird species play in the transmission and ecology of avian influenza virus (AIV) is well established; however, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the worldwide distribution of these viruses, specifically about the prevalence and/or significance of AIV in Central and South America. As part of an assessment of the ecology of AIV in Guatemala, we conducted active surveillance in wild birds on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Cloacal and tracheal swab samples taken from resident and migratory wild birds were collected from February 2007 to January 2010.1913 samples were collected and virus was detected by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) in 28 swab samples from ducks ( Anas discors ). Virus isolation was attempted for these positive samples, and 15 isolates were obtained from the migratory duck species Blue-winged teal. The subtypes identified included H7N9, H11N2, H3N8, H5N3, H8N4, and H5N4. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral sequences revealed that AIV isolates are highly similar to viruses from the North American lineage suggesting that bird migration dictates the ecology of these viruses in the Guatemalan bird population.

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“…These viruses' unprecedented spread towards Africa and Europe since 2003 gave rise to at least 10 distinct phylogenetic clades based on the phylogenetic position of their hemagglutinin (HA) genes. 1 During the same period, the World Health Organization recorded more than 640 cases of human infections worldwide that were due to direct contact (DC) or repeated extensive exposure to infected birds and reported an approximately 60% mortality rate among those infected. 2 The endemicity of HPAI A(H5N1) in poultry and wild birds also led to the generation of novel reassortant H5 strains that inherited neuraminidases (NAs) and internal gene constellations from other prevailing subtypes of avian viruses circulating in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

Kim

Pascua

Kwon

et al. 2014

Emerging Microbes & Infections

113

114

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The endemicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses in Asia has led to the generation of reassortant H5 strains with novel gene constellations. A newly emerged HPAI A(H5N8) virus caused poultry outbreaks in the Republic of Korea in 2014. Because newly emerging high-pathogenicity H5 viruses continue to pose public health risks, it is imperative that their pathobiological properties be examined. Here, we characterized A/mallard duck/Korea/W452/2014 (MDk/W452(H5N8)), a representative virus, and evaluated its pathogenic and pandemic potential in various animal models. We found that MDk/W452(H5N8), which originated from the reassortment of wild bird viruses harbored by migratory waterfowl in eastern China, replicated systemically and was lethal in chickens, but appeared to be attenuated, albeit efficiently transmitted, in ducks. Despite predominant attachment to avian-like virus receptors, MDk/W452(H5N8) also exhibited detectable human virus-like receptor binding and replicated in human respiratory tract tissues. In mice, MDk/W452(H5N8) was moderately pathogenic and had limited tissue tropism relative to previous HPAI A(H5N1) viruses. It also induced moderate nasal wash titers in inoculated ferrets; additionally, it was recovered in extrapulmonary tissues and one of three direct-contact ferrets seroconverted without shedding. Moreover, domesticated cats appeared to be more susceptible than dogs to virus infection. With their potential to become established in ducks, continued circulation of A(H5N8) viruses could alter the genetic evolution of pre-existing avian poultry strains. Overall, detailed virological investigation remains a necessity given the capacity of H5 viruses to evolve to cause human illness with few changes in the viral genome.

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H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Southeast Asia

Cited by 56 publications

References 8 publications

Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry in China

Novel Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Poultry in China

Influenza A Viruses from Wild Birds in Guatemala Belong to the North American Lineage

Pathobiological features of a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) virus

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