“…It is known that hydrogen bronze materials (e.g., H x MoO 3 ) have great application potentials as hydrogenation/dehydration catalysts, fuel cell electrodes, and electrochromic devices. A vast number of experiments have been performed to study their formation, catalytic activity, and other chemical properties. − Hydrogen bronze materials can be prepared by chemical or electrochemical methods . For example, an atomic force microscopy study by Smith and co-workers demonstrated that MoO 3 undergoes topotactic reduction in H 2 −N 2 mixtures at 700 K and subsequently forms hydrogen molybdenum bronzes, H x MoO 3 (0 < x < 2). , Alternatively, these materials can also be prepared efficiently via the hydrogen spillover technique, in the presence of palladium or platinum catalysts. , In the spillover process, H 2 molecules are first dissociatively chemisorbed on the dispersed catalyst particles; then, the dissociated H atoms migrate onto the substrate and further diffuse into the oxide lattice.…”