H1N1 Influenza Pandemic of 2009 Compared With Other Influenza Pandemics: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management, Pulmonary Complications, and Outcomes

Domínguez-Cherit, Guillermo; Ñamendys‐Silva, Silvio A.; Torre, Alethse de la; Macías, Alejandro E.; Córdova-Villalobos, José Ángel

doi:10.1007/s11908-010-0097-0

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Animals were monitored daily for weight loss and clinical illness (i.e., inactivity, lethargy, sneezing, nasal discharge, and hunched back). Animals were randomly assigned to be sacrificed at 2,3,4,6,8,14,16,18, or 23 DPI or euthanized if their clinical condition (e.g., loss of Ͼ20% body weight) required humane sacrifice. A summary of infection groups and time points of humane sacrifice is listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Animals and Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H1N1, but Not H3N2, Influenza A Virus Infection Protects Ferrets from H5N1 Encephalitis

Bissel

Wang

Carter

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Seasonal influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality because of efficient human-to-human spread. Rarely, zoonotic strains of influenza virus spread to humans, where they have the potential to mediate new pandemics with high mortality. We studied systemic viral spread after intranasal infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus ( IMPORTANCESeasonal influenza is efficiently transmitted from human to human, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Rarely, zoonotic strains of influenza virus spread to humans, where they have the potential to mediate new pandemics with high mortality. Infection of naive ferrets with H5N1 avian influenza virus causes a rapid and lethal systemic disease. We studied systemic H5N1 viral spread after infection of ferrets with or without prior exposure to either of two seasonal influenza virus strains, H1N1 and H3N2. Ferrets previously infected with H1N1 survive H5N1 challenge while those previously infected with H3N2 die of encephalitis. However ferrets protected from lethal H5N1 infection develop persistent low-level infection of the small intestine, liver, or spleen, providing a nidus for future viral strain recombination. The mechanism by which prior infection with specific strains of seasonal influenza virus protect from lethal H5N1 challenge needs to be elucidated in order to design effective immunization and treatments.

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Section: Animals and Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H1N1, but Not H3N2, Influenza A Virus Infection Protects Ferrets from H5N1 Encephalitis

Bissel

Wang

Carter

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…Severity assessment scores help identify high-risk patients that need hospital therapy; however, the lack of specific and valid pathophysiologic severity markers affects early effective interventions. The recent H1N1 influenza pandemic (p2009A H1N1 or S-OIV) was associated with an increase in cases of CAP that required hospitalization and continues to be a national public health threat [ 3 - 6 ]. Although the mortality rate was only 1.8%, 31% of patients with severe disease were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 14%-46% died [ 7 - 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble RAGE as a severity marker in community acquired pneumonia associated sepsis

et al. 2012

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BackgroundCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is considered the most important cause of death from infectious disease in developed countries. Severity assessment scores partially address the difficulties in identifying high-risk patients. A lack of specific and valid pathophysiologic severity markers affect early and effective sepsis therapy. HMGB-1, sRAGE and RAGE have been involved in sepsis and their potential as severity markers has been proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate HMGB-1, RAGE and sRAGE levels in patients with CAP-associated sepsis and determine their possible association with clinical outcome.MethodWe evaluated 33 patients with CAP-associated sepsis admitted to the emergency room and followed in the medical wards. Severity assessment scores (CURB-65, PSI, APACHE II, SOFA) and serologic markers (HMGB-1, RAGE, sRAGE) were evaluated on admission.ResultsThirty patients with a diagnosis of CAP-associated sepsis were enrolled in the study within 24 hours after admission. Fourteen (46.6%) had pandemic (H1N1) influenza A virus, 2 (6.6%) had seasonal influenza A and 14 other diagnoses. Of the patients in the study group, 16 (53.3%) had a fatal outcome. ARDS was observed in 17 (56.6%) and a total of 22 patients had severe sepsis on admission (73%). The SOFA score showed the greatest difference between surviving and non-surviving groups (P = .003) with similar results in ARDS patients (P = .005). sRAGE levels tended to be higher in non-surviving (P = .058) and ARDS patients (P = .058). Logistic regression modeling demonstrated that SOFA (P = .013) and sRAGE (P = .05) were the only variables that modified the probability of a fatal outcome.ConclusionThe association of elevated sRAGE with a fatal outcome suggests that it may have an independent causal effect in CAP. SOFA scores were the only clinical factor with the ability to identify surviving and ARDS patients.

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“…Large numbers of studies/investigations on epidemiology and clinical features of the first epidemic year of pH1N1 influenza from 2009 to 2010 have been reported [3], [9], [10], [11], [12]. However, only little information is available for the second epidemic year of pH1N1 influenza from 2010 to 2011 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although WHO declared that the new H1N1 virus has largely run its course and the world has been moving into the post-pandemic period on 10 August 2010 [8] , we continued our surveillance of pH1N1 influenza in Guangzhou and analyzed the data based on information provided by four general surveillance hospitals and twelve regional CDC during the two-years surveillance period from May 2009 to April 2011. Large numbers of studies/investigations on epidemiology and clinical features of the first epidemic year of pH1N1 influenza from 2009 to 2010 have been reported [3] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] . However, only little information is available for the second epidemic year of pH1N1 influenza from 2010 to 2011 [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Two-Year Surveillance of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Guangzhou, China: From Pandemic to Seasonal Influenza?

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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In this two-years surveillance of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) in Guangzhou, China, we reported here that the scale and duration of pH1N1 outbreaks, severe disease and fatality rates of pH1N1 patients were significantly lower or shorter in the second epidemic year (May 2010-April 2011) than those in the first epidemic year (May 2009-April 2010) (P<0.05), but similar to those of seasonal influenza (P>0.05). Similar to seasonal influenza, pre-existing chronic pulmonary diseases was a risk factor associated with fatal cases of pH1N1 influenza. Different from seasonal influenza, which occurred in spring/summer seasons annually, pH1N1 influenza mainly occurred in autumn/winter seasons in the first epidemic year, but prolonged to winter/spring season in the second epidemic year. The information suggests a tendency that the epidemics of pH1N1 influenza may probably further shift to spring/summer seasons and become a predominant subtype of seasonal influenza in coming years in Guangzhou, China.

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H1N1 Influenza Pandemic of 2009 Compared With Other Influenza Pandemics: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Management, Pulmonary Complications, and Outcomes

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

H1N1, but Not H3N2, Influenza A Virus Infection Protects Ferrets from H5N1 Encephalitis

H1N1, but Not H3N2, Influenza A Virus Infection Protects Ferrets from H5N1 Encephalitis

Soluble RAGE as a severity marker in community acquired pneumonia associated sepsis

A Two-Year Surveillance of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Guangzhou, China: From Pandemic to Seasonal Influenza?

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