“…On the other hand, microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) [5] are an appropriate candidate due to their low cost and profile, compactness, and conformity to planar and nonplanar surfaces. Various shapes of the MPA element were extensively studied, such as rectangular [6][7][8][9][10], U-slot [11,12], H-shaped [13], fractal [14], annual ring [15], polygonal [16], star-shaped [17] patch antennas and so on, and have a lot of applications, for example in the RF front-end [18]. But their impedance bandwidths are often a few percents.…”