H Insertion and Electrochromism in NiO x Thin Films

Abstract

NonstoichiometriC, anhydrous NiO~ thin films were produced by sputtering. They can be bleached by means of hydrogen insertion equally fast and efficiently either in an electrochemical cell or in a gas chamber, as demonstrated in this work by using a Pd covered thin film electrode. The electrode mechanical stress and transmittance changes during H insertion and extraction, measured in situ, showed an increase in the compressive stress in the cathodic (bleaching) cycle

Electrochromics for smart windows: thin films of tungsten oxide and nickel oxide, and devices based on these

“…This top layer serves as a membrane that only allows H + to penetrate to the underlying film. 403 Thus all other ions-such as OH 2 and K + -were filtered out. It should be noted, for completeness, that the Pd layer did not display any optical modulation in the pertinent voltage range.…”

Investigation of mechanical bending instability in flexible low-temperature-processed electrochromic display devices

“…Although flexible display technologies have been well developed, challenges such as reducing fabrication costs, operating at low temperatures, simplifying device structures, and operating at a low voltage remain. Electrochromic (EC) film [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] has attracted considerable attention because of low temperature fabrication, low power operation, and energy-saving design, which have contributed to potential applications in green building (smart windows), electric vehicle (auto-dimming glass), and wearable electronics (flexible displays). Among the various materials used in EC films, electroplated tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] has demonstrated high potential because of its low cost, high optical contrast, and stability.…”

Hybrid Dynamic Windows with Color Neutrality and Fast Switching Using Reversible Metal Electrodeposition and Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate Electrochromism

“…21 However, as an electrochromic material, NiO shows best performance with alkaline electrolytes that support OH − intercalation. 22 Later, we used PB-modified ITO substrate as a counter electrode, which is a fast switching electrochromic material operating via K + ion intercalation. The switching speed of the PB-based devices dramatically increased compared to that of the NiObased windows, but we found that PB is not compatible with Bi−Cu electrolytes and that Cu 2+ irreversibly reacts with PB.…”