H+- and Na+- elicited rapid changes of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the biflagellated green alga Chlamydomonas

Liu, Yi; Visetsouk, Mike R; Mynlieff, Michelle; Qin, Hongmin; Lechtreck, Karl‐Ferdinand; Yang, Pinfen

doi:10.7554/elife.26002

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 112 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Here, we show a rapid depolymerization of microtubules within 5 min upon contact with Fo5176 hyphae and Fo5176‐derived molecules (Fig ). The influence of intracellular pH changes on the cortical microtubule array has recently been reported in Chlamydomonas (Liu et al , ). These and our observations point toward a conserved mechanism in algae and land plants, in which stress‐induced cellular pH changes alter the microtubule network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

et al. 2019

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Environmental adaptation of organisms relies on fast perception and response to external signals, which lead to developmental changes. Plant cell growth is strongly dependent on cell wall remodeling. However, little is known about cell wall‐related sensing of biotic stimuli and the downstream mechanisms that coordinate growth and defense responses. We generated genetically encoded pH sensors to determine absolute pH changes across the plasma membrane in response to biotic stress. A rapid apoplastic acidification by phosphorylation‐based proton pump activation in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum immediately reduced cellulose synthesis and cell growth and, furthermore, had a direct influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus. In addition, pH seems to influence cellulose structure. All these effects were dependent on the COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE proteins that are thus at the nexus of plant growth and defense. Hence, our discoveries show a remarkable connection between plant biomass production, immunity, and pH control, and advance our ability to investigate the plant growth‐defense balance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

et al. 2019

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“…C. reinhardtii has a single tubulin isotype, which might suggest that cytosolic and axonemal MTs have similar dynamicity. However, previous study showed that cytosolic MTs are highly dynamic 56 , therefore indicating that there are other mechanisms, such as MAPs or microtubule-inner proteins 57 or other PTMs, that differentially regulate the stability of the MTs in the axoneme and the cytosol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The dynamic and structural properties of axonemal tubulins support the high length stability of cilia

Orbach

Howard

2019

Nat Commun

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Cilia and flagella play essential roles in cell motility, sensing and development. These organelles have tightly controlled lengths, and the axoneme, which forms the core structure, has exceptionally high stability. This is despite being composed of microtubules that are often characterized as highly dynamic. To understand how ciliary tubulin contribute to stability, we develop a procedure to differentially extract tubulins from different components of axonemes purified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , and characterize their properties. We find that the microtubules support length stability by two distinct mechanisms: low dynamicity, and unusual stability of the protofilaments. The high stability of the protofilaments manifests itself in the formation of curved tip structures, up to a few microns long. These structures likely reflect intrinsic curvature of GTP or GDP·Pi tubulin and provide structural insights into the GTP-cap. Together, our study provides insights into growth, stability and the role of post-translational modifications of axonemal microtubules.

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“…3). The influence of intracellular pH changes on the cortical MT array has recently been reported in Chlamydomonas (Liu et al , 2017) . These and our observations point towards a conserved mechanism in algae and land plants in which stress-induced cellular pH changes alter the MT network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pathogen-induced pH changes regulate the growth-defense balance of plants

Kesten

Gámez-Arjona

Scholl

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Environmental adaptation of organisms relies on fast perception and response to external signals, which lead to developmental changes. Plant cell growth is strongly dependent on cell wall remodeling. However, little is known about cell wall-related sensing of biotic stimuli and the downstream mechanisms that coordinate growth and defense responses. We generated genetically encoded pH sensors to determine absolute pH changes across the plasma membrane in response to biotic stress. A rapid apoplastic acidification by phosphorylation-based proton pump activation was followed by an acidification of the cortical side of the plasma membrane in response to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The proton chemical gradient modulation immediately reduced cellulose synthesis and cell growth and, furthermore, had a direct influence on the pathogenicity of the fungus. All these effects were dependent on the COMPANION OF CELLULOSE SYNTHASE proteins that are thus at the nexus of plant growth and defense. Hence, our discoveries show a remarkable connection between plant biomass production, immunity, and pH control, and advance our ability to investigate the plant growth-defense balance. We are grateful to G. Sancho-Andrés, B. Pfister, and P. van Dam for technical support. We thank S. Persson for the cc1cc2 , cc1cc2 GFP-CC1 and cc1cc2 GFP-CC1ΔN120 lines and A. Molina, G. Bissoli and E. López-Solanilla for constructive discussions. Live cell imaging was performed with equipment maintained by

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H+- and Na+- elicited rapid changes of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the biflagellated green alga Chlamydomonas

Cited by 13 publications

References 112 publications

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

Pathogen‐inducedpHchanges regulate the growth‐defense balance in plants

The dynamic and structural properties of axonemal tubulins support the high length stability of cilia

Pathogen-induced pH changes regulate the growth-defense balance of plants

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