H and HL synergistically regulate jasmonate-triggered trichome formation in tomato

Abstract

The development of trichomes, which protect plants against herbivores, is affected by various stresses. In tomato, previous studies showed that stress triggered JA signaling influences trichome formation, but the underlying mechanism is not fully resolved. Here, we found two C2H2 zinc finger proteins synergistically regulate JA-induced trichome formation in tomato. The naturally occurring mutations in H and its close homolog H-like gene in a spontaneous mutant, LA3172 cause severely affected trcihome development. Compared with respective single mutant, h/hl double mutant displayed more severe trichome defects in all tissues. Despite the partially redundant function, H and HL genes regulate the trichome formation in the spatially distinct manner, with HL more involved in hypocotyls and leaves, while H more involved in stems and sepals. Furthermore，the activity of H/HL is essential for JA-triggered trichome formation. JA signaling inhibitor SlJAZ2 represses the activity of H and HL via physical interaction, resulting in the activation of THM1, a negative regulator of trichome formation. Our results provide novel insight into the mechanism of the trichome formation in response to stress induced JA signaling in tomato.

Desert endophytic fungi improve reproductive, morphological, biochemical, yield and fruit quality characteristics of tomato under drought stress

“…This finding represents a real benefit for the plants under drought conditions because the trichomes have an influential role in protecting drought-stressed plants through preserving higher levels of water, absorbing dew deposits, reflecting solar radiations and enhancing photosynthetic performance (Ning et al ., 2016). Thus, our endophytic fungi efficiently adapted tomato plants to drought stress through the significant increase of trichomes density; previous studies illustrated that gibberellins and jasmonates stimulate trichomes formation in multiple stressed plants (Castro-Camba, Sánchez, Vidal, & Vielba, 2022; Hua et al ., 2022); hence, it is probably because endophytes elevated the density of trichomes through GA3 secretion.…”

Glandular trichome development, morphology, and maturation are influenced by plant age and genotype in high THC-containing cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) inflorescences

“…In general, the pattern and density of trichomes within natural populations of plants is regulated by a combination of endogenous developmental programs and external signals (Hauser 2014 ). In Arabidopsis , several genes and regulatory elements are associated with trichome development (Balkunde et al 2010 ; Hauser 2014 ; Pattanaik et al 2014 ; Matías-Hernández et al 2016 ; Huchelmann et al 2017 ; Tian et al 2017 ; Hua et al 2022 ). Specific mutations in these genes can alter the density of trichomes (Bloomer et al 2012 ).…”

“…In many plants, trichome initiation, development and density is enhanced by hormones such as gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), and cytokinins (CK) (An et al 2011 ; Glas et al 2012 ; Hauser 2014 ; Tian et al 2017 ; Huchelmann et al 2017 ; Matías-Hernández et al 2016 ; Wang et al 2021 ; Hua et al 2022 ). For example, mutant plants of Arabidopsis in which GA biosynthesis genes were knocked down, resulting in lower GA levels, developed fewer trichomes on leaves (Chien and Sussex 1996 ; Traw and Bergelson 2003 ).…”

“…Plants treated with benzylaminopurine (BAP) produced more trichomes on leaves, stems and flowers (Maes et al 2008 ; Gan et al 2017 ). In tomato, stress-induced jasmonic acid signaling induced trichome formation on sepals and leaves through interactions with zinc finger transcription factors (Hua et al 2022 ). The interplay of these various hormones with trichome development and their potential to increase trichome densities and enhance cannabinoid levels in Cannabis have not yet been explored.…”

Genome-Wide Analysis of C2H2 Zinc Finger Gene Family and Its Response to Cold and Drought Stress in Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]

“…C2H2-type zinc finger proteins are one of the most abundant transcription factor families in higher plants. Previous reports indicate that they play an important role in cucumber, Arabidopsis , wheat, and tomato [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Therefore, many researchers have tried to perform genome-wide analysis on C2H2-ZFP s in various species, such as tomato, wheat, grape, and oyster mushroom [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], but little is known about sorghum C2H2-ZFP proteins.…”