Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C Control Drosophila Body Fat Storage

Baumbach, Jens; Xu, Yanjun; Hehlert, Philip; Kühnlein, Ronald P.

doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2014.03.005

Cited by 47 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Consistent with the "adipokinetic" nature of the pathway, ablation of either the AkhR or the Akh gene impairs TAG mobilization in Drosophila (Grönke et al 2007;Bharucha et al 2008;Gáliková et al 2015;Sajwan et al 2015). Further, Drosophila genetic studies have also confirmed the crucial role of Ca 2+ in transmitting the Akh signal and identified the G proteins Gg1, Gaq, and the phospholipase C Plc21C as signal transducers along this axis (Baumbach et al 2014b). In addition, several proteins that either promote or antagonize intracellular Ca 2+ levels, such as the ER sensor Stromal interaction molecule (Stim), the plasma membrane channel Olf186-F, the ER Ca 2+ channels sarco/ endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and Itp-R83a, and the Ca 2+ -binding protein calmodulin (Cam), have been linked to TAG homeostasis in Drosophila (Baumbach et al 2014a;Bi et al 2014;Moraru et al 2017).…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Drosophila Tag Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 70%

Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

2018

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Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the most important caloric source with respect to energy homeostasis in animals. In addition to its evolutionarily conserved importance as an energy source, TAG turnover is crucial to the metabolism of structural and signaling lipids. These neutral lipids are also key players in development and disease. Here, we review the metabolism of TAG in the Drosophila model system. Recently, the fruit fly has attracted renewed attention in research due to the unique experimental approaches it affords in studying the tissue-autonomous and interorgan regulation of lipid metabolism in vivo. Following an overview of the systemic control of fly body fat stores, we will cover lipid anabolic, enzymatic, and regulatory processes, which begin with the dietary lipid breakdown and de novo lipogenesis that results in lipid droplet storage. Next, we focus on lipolytic processes, which mobilize storage TAG to make it metabolically accessible as either an energy source or as a building block for biosynthesis of other lipid classes. Since the buildup and breakdown of fat involves various organs, we highlight avenues of lipid transport, which are at the heart of functional integration of organismic lipid metabolism. Finally, we draw attention to some "missing links" in basic neutral lipid metabolism and conclude with a perspective on how fly research can be exploited to study functional metabolic roles of diverse lipids.

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Section: Hormonal Control Of Drosophila Tag Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 70%

Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

2018

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“…2; red components). Akh binding to AkhR triggers an inositol trisphosphate (IP3) second messenger response, which is relayed by small Gg and Gq protein subunits and phospholipase C (Plc21C) (Baumbach et al, 2014b). At the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, IP3 binding to the IP3 receptor (IP3R; called Itp-r83A in the fly) causes Ca 2+ efflux, which is sensed by an ER calcium sensor known as the Stromal interaction molecule (Stim, Fig.…”

Section: The Fat Body and Oenocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Musselman

Kühnlein

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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176

130

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Excess adipose fat accumulation, or obesity, is a growing problem worldwide in terms of both the rate of incidence and the severity of obesity-associated metabolic disease. Adipose tissue evolved in animals as a specialized dynamic lipid storage depot: adipose cells synthesize fat (a process called lipogenesis) when energy is plentiful and mobilize stored fat (a process called lipolysis) when energy is needed. When a disruption of lipid homeostasis favors increased fat synthesis and storage with little turnover owing to genetic predisposition, overnutrition or sedentary living, complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are more likely to arise. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is used as a model to better understand the mechanisms governing fat metabolism and distribution. Flies offer a wealth of paradigms with which to study the regulation and physiological effects of fat accumulation. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols in the fat body, an organ similar to mammalian adipose tissue, which specializes in lipid storage and catabolism. Discoveries in Drosophila have ranged from endocrine hormones that control obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis, many of which are evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, obese flies exhibit pathophysiological complications, including hyperglycemia, reduced longevity and cardiovascular functionsimilar to those observed in obese humans. Here, we review some of the salient features of the fly that enable researchers to study the contributions of feeding, absorption, distribution and the metabolism of lipids to systemic physiology.

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“…The AKHR is located in the plasma membrane of fat body adipocytes [ 69 ]. It was shown recently that AKHR uses G protein αq subunit (Gαq) and evokes Ca 2+ release as a second messenger system in the Drosophila adult fat body [ 107 ].…”

Section: Adipokinetic Hormones—main Stress Hormones In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Regulation of Response to Oxidative Stress in Insects—An Update

Kodrı́k

Bednářová

Zemanová

et al. 2015

IJMS

121

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Insects, like other organisms, must deal with a wide variety of potentially challenging environmental factors during the course of their life. An important example of such a challenge is the phenomenon of oxidative stress. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of adipokinetic hormones (AKH) as principal stress responsive hormones in insects involved in activation of anti-oxidative stress response pathways. Emphasis is placed on an analysis of oxidative stress experimentally induced by various stressors and monitored by suitable biomarkers, and on detailed characterization of AKH’s role in the anti-stress reactions. These reactions are characterized by a significant increase of AKH levels in the insect body, and by effective reversal of the markers—disturbed by the stressors—after co-application of the stressor with AKH. A plausible mechanism of AKH action in the anti-oxidative stress response is discussed as well: this probably involves simultaneous employment of both protein kinase C and cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate pathways in the presence of extra and intra-cellular Ca2+ stores, with the possible involvement of the FoxO transcription factors. The role of other insect hormones in the anti-oxidative defense reactions is also discussed.

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Gαq, Gγ1 and Plc21C Control Drosophila Body Fat Storage

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Hormonal Regulation of Response to Oxidative Stress in Insects—An Update

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