Gyrodactylus Salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

Cunningham, Carey O.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2315-2_9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Identification of G. salaris has been thoroughly reviewed by Cunningham (2002) and Bakke et al (2007). In this paper, a perfect test was assumed to be available for the diagnosis at the parasite level because both methods can achieve extremely high levels of sensitivity and specificity for gyrodactylid populations found on RBT (thus the choice about which method to use can be based on cost and processing time).…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods To Identify Gyrodactylus Salarismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 3 values of P*, the sample size was calculated for a range of population sizes (total number of gyrodactylids found on the fish) and Type I errors (which determine the fish level sensitivities used in stage 2). Morphological and molecular approaches have been developed to identify G. salaris (reviewed by Cunningham 2002, and thus discriminate it from other gyrodactylid species, and both are recognised by the OIE (OIE 2006). When used properly, both approaches have extremely high specificity and sensitivity.…”

Section: Subsample Of Total Parasite Burden Examinedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstrating freedom from Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Peeler

Oidtmann²

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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This paper describes an approach to demonstrate freedom of individual rainbow trout farms from Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957. The infection status of individual farms is relevant should G. salaris be introduced into a country or zone previously known to be free of the parasite. Trade from farms where G. salaris may have been introduced would be restricted until freedom had been demonstrated. Cage, fish and parasite sample sizes were calculated based on the minimum detectable prevalence (P*), test characteristics, population size, and Type I and II errors. Between 5 and 23 cages per farm would need to be sampled to demonstrate freedom at a cage level P* of 10%. The number of fish sampled per cage depended mainly on the test sensitivity (probability of correctly identifying an infected fish). Assuming a test sensitivity of 99% at the fish level, 59 fish per cage are needed (P* = 5%). Since G. salaris may exist in mixed infection with G. derjavini, testing a sample of gyrodactylid parasites may not result in the parasite being detected when present. Test sensitivity at the fish level depends on the number of gyrodactylids on the fish, the proportion of which are G. salaris and the number examined. Assuming a P* of 5% (i.e. G. salaris are at least 5% of the gyrodactylid population), between 20 and 73 parasites per fish would need to be sampled (depending on abundance) to maintain the Type I error at 0.01 (thus a fish level test sensitivity of 99%). This work identifies the critical information, and further research, needed to assess freedom from G. salaris with a known level of confidence; this is essential to provide a sound scientific basis for decision-making about disease control measures. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylus salaris · Rainbow trout · Surveys · Disease freedom · Contingency planning Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 79: [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] 2008 1990, Bakke et al. 1990b, 1992a,b, Jansen & Bakke 1995, Soleng & Bakke 2001 and indefinitely in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (RBT) populations (albeit at a low prevalence, low abundance and causing no signs of infection) . G. salaris has been found on farmed RBT in Denmark, Sweden and Finland (see Bakke et al. 2007 for details). A RBTadapted strain of G. salaris which is not pathogenic for salmon and can achieve infection rates of several hundred parasites per fish in RBT has been found in Denmark (Jørgensen et al. 2007). Recently, a strain of G. salaris has been found on Arctic charr, which has not affected Atlantic salmon in the same river. Under experimental conditions, salmon are found to be either resistant or only slightly susceptible (Olstad et al. 2007); this is the first published report of a variation in the pathogenicity of Norwegian populations of G. salaris.A limited amount of experimental work has demonstrated that Atlantic salmon in the British Isles are susceptible to Gyrodactylus salaris (Bakke & Mackenzie 1993). Other populations in Europe are also...

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Section: Diagnostic Methods To Identify Gyrodactylus Salarismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subsample Of Total Parasite Burden Examinedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstrating freedom from Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Peeler

Oidtmann²

2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons fromGyrodactylus salaris

Harris

Bachmann

2010

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

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Morphometric and molecular characterization of Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel & Vigneulle, 1999 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from an Austrian brown trout population

Hahn¹,

Bakke²,

Bachmann³

et al. 2011

Parasitology International

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Gyrodactylus teuchis is a widespread parasite of wild and farmed salmonids throughout Europe. It has been frequently confused with the notifiable pathogen G. salaris, to which it bears a striking morphological similarity. The species is frequently referred to as 'cryptic', and diagnoses are primarily based on molecular evidence. We provide the first comprehensive re-description of G. teuchis from a natural wild brown trout population in the Danube watershed, based on the state of the art morphometrics in addition to standard molecular markers. We demonstrate that despite the lack of uni-variate diagnostic character measurements, G. teuchis can be reliably distinguished from G. salaris using multivariate morphological approaches such as Principal Component Analysis or Canonical Variate Analysis, suggesting that automated diagnostic approaches for G. salaris can be modified to take account of potential G. teuchis in samples. This is the first record of G. teuchis from a host population unlikely to have been modified by human stocking efforts. The morphological variability observed in the samples collected from one site on 1 day reflects the overall level of variation reported for European G. teuchis. We also report new sequence variants of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of the nuclear ribosomal gene cluster with evidence for intra-individual heterogeneity of ITS-1 within this population of G. teuchis.

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Gyrodactylus Salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea)

Cited by 3 publications

References 115 publications

Demonstrating freedom from Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Demonstrating freedom from Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

The Parasites and Pathogens of the Atlantic Salmon: Lessons fromGyrodactylus salaris

Morphometric and molecular characterization of Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel & Vigneulle, 1999 (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) from an Austrian brown trout population

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