Gyro orbit simulations of neutral beam injection in Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

Simulations exploring neutral beam operation in Wendelstein 7-X (W7- X) at reduced magnetic field are performed using a newly implemented gyro orbit model in the BEAMS3D code. Operation at field strengths below the nominal 2.5 T are seen as a path to explore both high beta plasmas and as a means to access magnetic configurations not possible at 2.5T. As the field strength becomes smaller, the gyro radius for 55 keV fast protons grows from ∼1 cm at 2.5 T to ∼5 cm at 0.75 T in a device with minor radius ∼50 cm bringing into question the applicability of the gyro center approximation. To address this a gyro orbit model was implemented in the BEAMS3D code. Agreement is found between the gyro center and gyro orbit models in a circular cross section tokamak equilibrium at high field. A set of W7-X equilibria are assessed with fixed density and temperature profiles but decreasing magnetic field strength (increasing plasma beta). Neutral beam deposition is found to be mostly unaffected with changes in the core of the plasma associated with the Shafranov-shift. In general good agreement is found between gyro orbit and gyro center simulations at 2.5 T. Both models indicate increasing losses with decreasing magnetic field strength with the gyro orbit losses being higher at all field strengths. Gyro orbit simulations to the first wall of W7-X show a change in loss pattern with decreasing magnetic field strength. A preliminary assessment of losses to fast ion loss detectors are made.

Fast ion confinement in the presence of core magnetic islands in Wendelstein 7-X

“…Efforts to validate these models continue with various aspects of the fast ion distribution function being tested. The code also models the loss of fast ions to a fully three-dimensional wall [33]. In this way the BEAMS3D code provides a complete package for modeling neutral beam injected fast ions in stellarators and tokamaks with 3D fields.…”

“…The gyro center simulations were then continued to the first wall of W7-X using the gyro orbit capability of the BEAMS3D code [33]. Gyro center markers which reached a bounding flux surface were used as an initial condition for the gyro orbit simulations.…”