Gypsy moth in the United States: an atlas

Liebhold, Andrew M.; Gottschalk, Kurt W.; Luzader, Eugene; Bush, R. H.; Twardus, Daniel

doi:10.2737/ne-gtr-233

Cited by 30 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar), native to Eurasia, is an invasive pest in North America, which was accidentally introduced in the 1860s in Massachusetts. In the more than 150 years spongy moth has been present in North America, tens of millions of hectares of forest have been defoliated during cyclical outbreak events with damage frequently manifesting as tree decline and mortality [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. While the outbreaks of forest insects and diseases are not novel, their extent and impact have increased to devastating proportions in recent decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aerial surveys conducted to map the statewide extent of oak decline are a widely adopted practice for attaining landscape level data on forest insect and disease impacts [6,24,25] but are not designed for management-level evaluation of decline. Comprehensive, local-scale knowledge is needed by foresters and land managers to implement adaptive strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Unpiloted Aerial System Hardware and Software for Surveying Fine-Scale Oak Health in Oak–Pine Forests

Fraser,

Robinov,

Davidson

et al. 2024

Forests

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Spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar) has caused considerable damage to oak trees across eastern deciduous forests. Forest management, post-outbreak, is resource intensive and typically focused on ecosystem restoration or resource loss mitigation. Some local forest managers and government partners are exploring developing technologies such as Unpiloted Aerial Systems (UASs, UAVs, or drones) to enhance their ability to gather reliable fine-scale information. However, with limited resources and the complexity of investing in hardware, software, and technical expertise, the decision to adopt UAS technologies has raised questions on their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the abilities of two UAS surveying approaches for classifying the health of individual oak trees following a spongy moth outbreak. Combinations of two UAS multispectral sensors and two Structure from Motion (SfM)-based software are compared. The results indicate that the overall classification accuracy differed by as much as 3.8% between the hardware and software configurations. Additionally, the class-specific accuracy for ’Declining Oaks‘ differed by 5–10% (producer’s and user’s accuracies). The processing experience between open-source and commercial SfM software was also documented and demonstrated a 25-to-75-fold increase in processing duration. These results point out major considerations of time and software accessibility when selecting between hardware and software options for fine-scale forest mapping. Based on these findings, future stakeholders can decide between cost, practicality, technical complexity, and effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Unpiloted Aerial System Hardware and Software for Surveying Fine-Scale Oak Health in Oak–Pine Forests

Fraser,

Robinov,

Davidson

et al. 2024

Forests

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“…This species was introduced around 1869 in Medford, MA and gradually expanded its range in North America to cover over 900,000 km 2 as of 2012 (Tobin et al., 2012). Its current range today represents approximately a third of the US forest habitat susceptible to future spread of this species (Liebhold et al., 1997). Over the past two decades, the USDA Forest Service Slow‐the‐Spread program has annually deployed an extensive trapping grid over the leading edge of the invasion as a management tool, resulting in one of the most extensive and detailed spatiotemporal datasets on population spread of an invasive species (Grayson & Johnson, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forecasting the spread of an invasive forest‐defoliating insect

Walter,

Grage,

Nunez‐Mir

et al. 2023

Diversity and Distributions

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AimBiological invasions are an escalating environmental challenge due to their substantial ecological and socio‐economic consequences. Accurate near‐term forecasts of future areas occupied by an invasive species could enhance the efficiency and efficacy of invasion monitoring and management but spread forecasting models have been developed and tested for few invasive species thus far.LocationNortheastern USA.MethodsWe developed a quantitative model to forecast 1‐year‐ahead occupancy of Lymantria dispar dispar, an expanding invasive forest insect introduced into the eastern United States in 1869 that causes large‐scale defoliation of forests. We validated and tested the model using historical distribution and density data from a large‐scale network of pheromone‐baited traps. We first assessed how forecast accuracy depended on trap catch density thresholds for determining occupancy and on the spatial scale of local connectivity measures. Next, we tested how increasing the computational complexity and biological detail encoded in the models affected prediction accuracy.ResultsModels using lower occupancy thresholds and measuring connectivity over shorter distances tended to perform best. A simple model using only coarse and generic representations of habitat suitability and local diffusive spread potential performed at least as well as more complex models. Our best models achieved total accuracy and true‐positive rates exceeding 95%.ConclusionsOur baseline model illustrates the utility of a mechanistic model to forecast year‐to‐year occupancy dynamics of L. dispar. Near‐term spread forecasting can be a valuable tool for invasion management, even for species without detailed a priori ecological knowledge.

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Relating Injury to the Forest Ecosystem Near Palmerton, PA, to Zinc Contamination From Smelting

Beyer

Krafft

Klassen

et al. 2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The forest on Blue Mountain, near Lehigh Gap, has been injured by emissions from two historical zinc (Zn) smelters in Palmerton, PA, located at the northern base of the mountain. The uppermost mineral soil and lower litter from sites along a transect, just south of the ridgetop, contained from 64 to 4400 mg/kg Zn. We measured forest metrics at 15 sampling sites to ascertain how forest structure, species composition and regeneration are related to soil concentrations of Zn, the probable principal cause of the injury. Understanding how ecotoxicological injury is related to soil Zn concentrations helps us quantify the extent of injury to the ecosystem on Blue Mountain as well as to generalize to other sites. The sum of canopy closure and shrub cover, suggested as a broadly inclusive measure of forest structure, was decreased to half at approximately 2060 mg/kg Zn (102 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Tree-seedling density was decreased by 80% (from 10.5/m(2) to 2.1/m(2)) at a much lower concentration: 1080 mg/kg Zn (59 mg/kg Sr(N0(3))(2)-extractable Zn). Changes in species composition and richness were not as useful for quantifying injury to the forest. Phytotoxicity, desiccation from exposure, and a gypsy moth infestation combined to form a barren area on the ridgetop. Liming the strongly acid Hazleton soils at the sites would partially ameliorate the observed phytotoxicity and should be considered in planning restoration.

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Gypsy moth in the United States: an atlas

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

A Comparison of Unpiloted Aerial System Hardware and Software for Surveying Fine-Scale Oak Health in Oak–Pine Forests

A Comparison of Unpiloted Aerial System Hardware and Software for Surveying Fine-Scale Oak Health in Oak–Pine Forests

Forecasting the spread of an invasive forest‐defoliating insect

Relating Injury to the Forest Ecosystem Near Palmerton, PA, to Zinc Contamination From Smelting

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