Gypsum Occurrence in Soils on the Margin of Semipermanent Prairie Pothole Wetlands

Steinwand, A. L.; Richardson, J. L.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030035x

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the present data do not indicate a strong tendency to supersaturation, in agreement with results of other investigations (Friedel, 1978;Steinwand and Richardson, 1989) in which it was observed that the tendency to supersaturation with respect to gypsum is much weaker than that with respect to calcite. For the ratio IAP/Ksp for calcite in soil solutions, Inskeep and Bloom (1986b) found values as high as 40.…”

Section: Supersaturation Soil Solutions With Gypsum 69supporting

confidence: 93%

Supersaturation of soil solutions with respect to gypsum

Ende¹

1991

Plant Soil

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The products of activities of calcium and sulphate were calculated for solutions of 75 glasshouse soils. The majority of these products was found to be higher than the solubility product of gypsum, thus indicating that these soil solutions were possibly supersaturated. In another investigation, soil solutions were examined to determine whether such high activity products could be really attributed to supersaturation. By means of ultracentrifuging of solutions of glasshouse soils, it could be established that the solutions were practically free of sulphate-bearing colloidal particles. Some solutions contained calcium-bearing colloidal particles, but the quantities of calcium contained in these particles were too small to substantially influence the calcium activity. Addition of gypsum crystals to soil solutions led to crystallization of so much calcium and sulphate that the products of the activities of calcium and sulphate dropped from values that can be listed as high to values approaching the solubility product of gypsum. The results obtained demonstrate the occurrence of supersaturation of soil solutions with respect to gypsum. It is further postulated that the presence of humic substances in the soil solution is responsible for this supersaturation. The possible occurrence of supersaturation with respect to gypsum in soils other than glasshouse soils is discussed.

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Section: Supersaturation Soil Solutions With Gypsum 69supporting

confidence: 93%

Supersaturation of soil solutions with respect to gypsum

Ende¹

1991

Plant Soil

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“…Carbonate distribution is influenced by hydrology, and in general carbonates were nearest the surface where soils were inundated or had a water table within 30 cm of the surface (Figure 3). Steinward and Richardson (1989) found that gypsum also precipitated around the edges Minimum of prairie potholes wetlands that were seasonally ponded.…”

Section: Soil and Water Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of hydric soil formation across the edge of a created deep marsh

Vepraskas

Richardson

Tandarich³

et al. 1999

Wetlands

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Hydric soils are identified on-site using visible features called "field indicators." It is not known how long it takes for these indicators to form nor whether they occur in created wetlands less than 5-years old. This study evaluated chemical and morphological changes in a created wetland to monitor the development of hydnc soil field indicators over time. A deep marsh, created in 1989, was studied from 1992 through 1994 at the Des Plaines River Wetlands Demonstration Project near Chicago, Illinois, USA, Soil and water samples were collected twice a year from two transects having plots in the following landscape positions: in the marsh, along the marsh edge, in a transition zone to the upland, and in the upland. Detailed profile descriptions were also completed twice per year. In 1994, the soils were classified from the marsh to upland as Typic Endoaquoll, Mollie Endoaquept, Aquic Hapludalf, and Ochreptic Hapludalf. Soil pH values ranged from 7.3 to 7.8 in the upper 15 cm. Carbonates were closest to the surface in the marsh and edge positions. Organic C levels were similar among soils throughout the study at approximately 20 g C/kg soil. Redox potentials and water-table measurements indicated that soil in the marsh and edge positions met the definition of hydric soils throughout the study, while upland positions did not, and soil in the transition positions met the definition in some years. Hydric soil field indicators formed by Fe reduction developed over time in the marsh and edge plots and in some plots of the transition to the upland. The depleted matrix indicator, which formed by the reduction and removal of Fe from the soil matrix, gave the most consistent results for identifying hydric soils. Full development of the indicator in all edge plots was ct~mplete 5 years afler the marsh was constructed. Indicators formed by organic matter accumulation (organic bodies) also developed in the marsh within this period.

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“…This has begun to move us beyond a bstaticQ treatment of catenas by infusing the dynamic aspect of water flowing laterally through soil (hydrosequences). Pedon morphology can be placed within a threedimensional context that explains differential concentrations across a landscape (Park and Burt, 1999;Steinwand and Richardson, 1989;Wysocki and Schoeneberger, 2000). For example, the association of increased manganese concentrations with wetter portions of a hilly landscape (e.g., McDaniel and Buol, 1991;McDaniel et al, 1992) is an example of migration and concentration of specific soil constituents facilitated by lateral internal water movement.…”

Section: Soil Morphology and Soil Geographymentioning

confidence: 99%