Gypsum crystal growth kinetics under conditions relevant to CO2 geological storage

Rendel, Pedro M.; Gavrieli, Ittai; Ben-Eliahu, Nir; Wolff-Boenisch, Domenik; Ganor, Jiwchar

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102829

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rendel et al [60] constructed a novel experimental system that enables exploring water-rock-CO 2 interactions under conditions of CO 2 sequestration. A comparison of their experimental data at 25 • C up to 100 bar demonstrates that the changes implemented in PHREEQC 3 allow to accurately calculate the effect of pressure, with or without CO 2 , under these conditions [33,34]. A comparison between a compiled dataset of experimentallyderived solubility of gypsum up to 100 • C (as well as other minerals over various temperatures) and the calculations by PHREEQC 3 also shows a good fit [53].…”

Section: The Pitzer Formalismmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The method discussed above to study crystal growth is technically simple. Rate equations have been able to accurately describe the change in the concentration of Ca 2+ or SO 4 2− during the process of gypsum growth over a wide range of compositions (0-10 m), with or without scale inhibitors [28,39,71,110,111] and environmental conditions that included high temperature (25-90 • C) [71], and pressure (1-100 bar) [34].…”

Section: Crystal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gypsum growth from bulk solution was studied over a wider range of environmental and chemical conditions compared with the microscopic studies [28,34,39,71,80,92,94,110,111,[130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138]. The former conditions cover a temperature range of up to 90 • C, a pressure range of 1-100 bar, and salinities ranging from low salinity CaSO 4 solutions to the hypersaline Dead Sea.…”

Section: Rate Equations Of Gypsum Crystal Growth Reaction Order For Gypsum Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these industrial operations, gypsum forms a scale that may clog membranes, pipes, and boreholes, affect aquifers and reservoirs, and can result in the temporary halting of production [28,32]. CO 2 sequestration in saline aquifers hosted by carbonate rocks might also prompt the formation of gypsum scale, a process that would affect aquifer properties and the feasibility of such operations [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gypsum Precipitation under Saline Conditions: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Morphology, and Size Distribution

et al. 2021

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Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is the most common sulfate mineral on Earth and is also found on Mars. It is an evaporitic mineral that predominantly precipitates from brines. In addition to its precipitation in natural environments, gypsum also forms an undesired scale in many industrial processes that utilize or produce brines. Thus, better insights into gypsum formation can contribute to the understanding of natural processes, as well as improving industrial practices. Subsequently, the thermodynamics, nucleation and crystal growth mechanisms and kinetics, and how these factors shape the morphology of gypsum have been widely studied. Over the last decade, the precipitation of gypsum under saline and hypersaline conditions has been the focus of several studies. However, to date, most of the thermodynamic data are derived from experiments with artificial solutions that have limited background electrolytes and have Ca2+/SO42− ratios that are similar to the 1:1 ratio in the mineral. Moreover, direct observations of the nucleation and growth processes of gypsum are still derived from experimental settings that can be described as having low ionic strength. Thus, the mechanisms of gypsum precipitation under conditions from which the mineral precipitates in many natural environments and industrial processes are still less well known. The present review focuses on the precipitation of gypsum from a range of aspects. Special attention is given to brines. The effects of ionic strength, brine composition, and temperature on the thermodynamic settings are broadly discussed. The mechanisms and rates of gypsum nucleation and growth, and the effect the thermodynamic properties of the brine have on these processes is demonstrated by recent microscopic and macroscopic observations. The morphology and size distribution of gypsum crystals precipitation is examined in the light of the precipitation processes that shape these properties. Finally, the present review highlights discrepancies between microscopic and macroscopic observations, and studies carried out under low and high ionic strengths. The special challenges posed by experiments with brines are also discussed. Thus, while this review covers contemporary literature, it also outlines further research that is required in order to improve our understanding of gypsum precipitation in natural environments and industrial settings.

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