Gynecomastia in Adolescence: Effect on Body Image and Personality Adaptation

Schonfeld, William A.

doi:10.1097/00006842-196200700-00008

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…13 Previous studies have also found that patients with gynecomastia exhibit physical limitations as a result of their condition, namely in the areas of sports and athletics. 9,14 After controlling for body mass index, we found no differences in the physical functioning, role-physical, and bodily pain Short Form-36 domains between the subjects with gynecomastia and control participants. Our results suggest that the lower physical parameters of health-related quality of life in our subjects are due primarily to obesity and not gynecomastia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…12,14,15 Case reports concerning adolescents with gynecomastia have described increased feelings of loneliness, restlessness, and tension in these patients. 27 Related reports reveal a higher association of depression, anxiety, adjustment disorders, and suicidal ideation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published work consists largely of single case reports using psychological assessments and retrospective chart reviews. [12][13][14][15][16] These studies suggest a considerable impact on younger patients with gynecomastia, but prospective data will better inform patients, families, and providers when making treatment decisions. In the current study, we sought to evaluate the physical and psychological impact of gynecomastia on adolescent males using a prospective study design.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial Impact of Adolescent Gynecomastia

Nuzzi

Cerrato

Erikson

et al. 2013

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Gynecomastia has a significant negative impact on primarily the psychosocial well-being of affected adolescent patients, specifically in regard to social functioning, mental health, and self-esteem. Psychosocial impact was not affected by graded severity of disease. Health care providers and patients should be aware of the psychosocial impairments associated with gynecomastia and consider early treatment for adolescents suffering from this condition, regardless of severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosocial Impact of Adolescent Gynecomastia

Nuzzi

Cerrato

Erikson

et al. 2013

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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“…The majority of men affected by gynecomastia are asymptomatic, while those referred to the specialist present persistently tender breasts, palpable lump or unsatisfactory body image (14) with important psychological repercussions. Breast development is considered a female trait and it can produce a sense of spoiled identity in men with breast disease and the timing of the onset of gynecomastia is very important: the greatest psychological impact occurs with onset in adolescence as compared with senescence or young childhood (15). Medical history and physical examination are the main components of the evaluation of patients affected by gynecomastia and no further investigation is necessary in case of age-appropriate findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical management of gynecomastia: experience of a general surgery center

Longheu¹

2016

GCHIR

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original articlewere subcutaneous mastectomy using Webster method with periareolar incision or Pitanguy technique with transareolar incision if skin redundancy was absent and Davidson concentric circles technique if skin reduction was necessary. During the surgery the first operator established if a suction drain was necessary or not on the basis of extent of dissection. Each mammary specimen was examined to achieve histopathological diagnosis.

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“…Schonfeld et al in one study of 484 cases, uncomfortable anxiety, regarding masculinity, fear of developing breast cancer, insecurity regarding the psychosocial influence of their breast enlargement prompting the reproach of effeminacy and feeling unacceptable were reported. 30 Adolescents in this group often stated that they thought that their breast enlargement was some fault of their own or that their parents had wanted girl when they were born. Difficulties with parenteral relationship were often equated to being rejected due to their disfigurement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia our surgical experience using liposuction and minimal invasive surgical excision and its psychological benefits to young patients

Nakade¹,

Zade²,

Mehta

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast usually bilateral sometimes unilateral resulting from proliferation of glandular component of the breast. It is defined clinically by presence of rubbery or firm mass extending from nipple. The glandular tissue grows under influence of hormonal stimulation and is tender. Gynecomastia frequently presents social. Psychological, difficulties as low esteem and shame to sufferer. During adolescence many young males have gynecomastia and they are eager to do surgery of gynecomastia. Aims and objectives of the study was to correct deformity restoring normal contour to the chest, maintaining viability of nipple and areola. Also avoiding excess scarring and preventing saucer type deformity. To relieve emotional discomfort, psychological distress, and intolerable pain, to relieve shame in going to society, social gathering even doing marriage. To study effect of adding liposuction to surgical excision. Methods: This is two-year study of 20 cases of gynecomastia. Clinical and Laboratory findings were normal. preoperatively patients are selected by their complaints, discomfort, psychological effects, shame, depression, anxiety and size of gynecomastia. In surgery, we have done is liposuction thoroughly after infiltration with adequate amount of ringer solution and Inj adrenaline 1:100000 concentration. In gynecomastia with group 1 and 2 we used websters incision, in group 2b we used extended websters incision if required. In very large gynecomastia with skin excess we have done breast reduction with liposuction and free nipple grafting in one case and medial pedicle based, superiorly based flap in two cases, two cases with circumareolar skin excision and liposuction in group 2 b case. In rest 16 cases we have done liposuction, excision through websters incision. Results: In our study of 20 cases done in two years, in our department of plastic surgery at NKPSIMS, one was unilateral and rest 19 were bilateral gynecomastia cases. In all cases liposuction as treatment modality used and has given satisfactory outcome in 18 (90%) cases out of 20, 3 (10%) cases want more liposuction and if possible re excision. Average hospital stay was 2 days. Post-operative recovery was good in majority cases but in 2 ((10%) cases post op numbness and ischemia at margin of areola occurred treated conservatively. In one case (5%). dehiscence of wound healed Conservatively. All cases of breast reduction were healed well. All cases benefited psychologically by surgery and their self-image in society improved lot. Conclusions: The problem of excessive fat and fibroglandular tissue is managed by liposuction and excision through websters incision. In high grade gynecomastia of grade 3 we have done breast reduction. This has corrected deformity, restoring normal contour to majority of patients and they improved psychologically, and their self-image improved and so their social life.

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Gynecomastia in Adolescence: Effect on Body Image and Personality Adaptation

Cited by 32 publications

References 6 publications

Psychosocial Impact of Adolescent Gynecomastia

Psychosocial Impact of Adolescent Gynecomastia

Surgical management of gynecomastia: experience of a general surgery center

Gynecomastia our surgical experience using liposuction and minimal invasive surgical excision and its psychological benefits to young patients

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