Gynecomastia and Antihypertensive Therapy

Mosenkis, Ari; Townsend, Raymond R.

doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2004.3735.x

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…During an experimental model of hyperaldosteronism, the spironolactone dosage of 2 mg/kg PO once daily restored the urinary Na + /K + ratio to near normal, and this is likely the optimal dosage in dogs . Because of spironolactone's ability to bind other steroid hormone receptors, adverse effects in people include decreased testosterone production, inhibition of testosterone binding its receptor, and increased estradiol levels, which can cause gynecomastia in men and menstrual abnormalities in women . For this reason, the more selective MRA, eplerenone, was developed.…”

Section: Suppression Of Raasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and its suppression

Ames

Atkins

Pitt

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

274

264

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Chronic activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) promotes and perpetuates the syndromes of congestive heart failure, systemic hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Excessive circulating and tissue angiotensin II (AngII) and aldosterone levels lead to a pro‐fibrotic, ‐inflammatory, and ‐hypertrophic milieu that causes remodeling and dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal tissues. Understanding of the role of the RAAS in this abnormal pathologic remodeling has grown over the past few decades and numerous medical therapies aimed at suppressing the RAAS have been developed. Despite this, morbidity from these diseases remains high. Continued investigation into the complexities of the RAAS should help clinicians modulate (suppress or enhance) components of this system and improve quality of life and survival. This review focuses on updates in our understanding of the RAAS and the pathophysiology of AngII and aldosterone excess, reviewing what is known about its suppression in cardiovascular and renal diseases, especially in the cat and dog.

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Section: Suppression Of Raasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and its suppression

Ames

Atkins

Pitt

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

274

264

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“…Indeed, following publication of the RALES trial, a relatively large number of hospitalizations and deaths from hyperkalemia were registered [ 94 ]. At the same time, a variety of common Aldo antagonism side effects were observed (i.e., gynecomastia in men) [ 95 ].…”

Section: Targeting Aldosterone/mineralocorticoid Receptor Signalinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Cannavò

Bencivenga²,

Liccardo³

et al. 2018

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone (Aldo) has been intensively studied for its ability to influence both the physiology and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. Indeed, although research on Aldo actions for decades has mainly focused on its effects in the kidney, several lines of evidence have now demonstrated that this hormone exerts disparate extrarenal adverse effects, especially in the circulatory system. Accordingly, in the last lusters, a number of studies in preclinical models (in vitro and in vivo) and in humans have established that Aldo, following the interaction with its receptor—the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)—is able to activate specific intracellular genomic and nongenomic pathways, thus regulating the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Importantly, through this mechanism of action, this hormone becomes a crucial regulator of the function and growth of different types of cells, including fibroblasts, cardiomyocytes, and vascular cells. For this main reason, it is plausible that when Aldo is present at high levels in the blood, it profoundly modifies the physiology of these cells, therefore being at the foundation of several cardiovascular disorders, such as heart failure (HF). On these grounds, in this review, we will provide an updated account on the current knowledge concerning Aldo activity in the cardiovascular system and the most recent preclinical studies and clinical trials designed to test better approaches able to counter the hyperactivity of the Aldo/MR signaling pathway in the setting of cardiovascular diseases.

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“…In addition, spironolactone-induced breast enlargement is dose dependent. 15,16 Furthermore, PBT (gynecomastia) is so common it would be difficult to ascribe the gynecomastia to a medication unless a randomized control trial or rechallenge test were performed.…”

Section: Gynecomastiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gynecomastia

Nuttall

2010

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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Gynecomastia and Antihypertensive Therapy

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and its suppression

The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and its suppression

Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor System in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology

Gynecomastia

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