Gynecologic Cancer, Cancer Stem Cells, and Possible Targeted Therapies

Abstract

Gynecologic cancer is one of the main causes of death in women. In this type of cancer, several molecules (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes) contribute to the tumorigenic process, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Based on recent evidence, the detection of molecular changes in these genes could have clinical importance for the early detection and evaluation of tumor grade, as well as the selection of targeted treatment. Researchers have recently focused on cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the treatment of gynecologic cancer because of their ability to induce progression and recurrence of malignancy. This has highlighted the importance of a better understanding of the molecular basis of CSCs. The purpose of this review is to focus on the molecular mechanism of gynecologic cancer and the role of CSCs to discover more specific therapeutic approaches to gynecologic cancer treatment.

Advances in nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery for combining PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer

“…Targeted therapy is a promising approach to address tumor cell alterations that promote their growth, proliferation, and metastasis. Potential therapeutic targets in gynecological malignancies include tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways, angiogenesis, HR deficiency (HRD), hormone receptors, and immunologic factors [ 26 ]. Targeted therapy includes signaling pathway inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor down-regulators, anti-angiogenic agents, PARPis, and ICIs.…”

A review: hemocompatibility of magnetic nanoparticles and their regenerative medicine, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging applications

“…Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are conventional treatments for cancers, and their combination and transpositions depend on the type of the cancer. However, these treatments have serious side effects and also have not adequate efficacy for the treatment of cancers in metastatic stages ( Hasan-Abad et al, 2019 ; Keyvani et al, 2022 ). MNPs could be helpful for treatment of these types of cancers ( Table 1 ).…”

The application of peroxidase mimetic nanozymes in cancer diagnosis and therapy

“…Cancer is well recognized as a prominent contributor to human mortality ( Sung et al, 2021 ; Malehmir et al, 2023a ; Jafari et al, 2023 ). The uncontrolled proliferation of malignant cells and their spread to other parts of the human body are linked to a variety of disorders known as cancer ( Keyvani et al, 2022 ; Mohammadi M. et al, 2023 ; Malehmir et al, 2023b ). One of the most significant obstacles in cancer therapy is the recurrence of tumors, the spread of malignancies or metastases, and the development of resistance to chemotherapy treatments ( Bukowski et al, 2020 ; Riggio et al, 2021 ; Hasan-Abad et al, 2022 ; Mohammadi AH.…”